Common irregular verbsA2
Vous allez pouvoir parler de vos actions, besoins, déplacements et habitudes avec des verbes français que vous entendrez partout. Commencez par être, avoir, faire et aller, puis faites-les vivre dans vos premières phrases.
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Overview of verbs
Common irregular verbs are used to talk about oneself, others, simple actions, needs and everyday movements. They are encountered all the time in speech, in a conversation, a message or an instruction. Their difficulty comes from the fact that they do not always follow the pattern of Regular verbs. Their forms must be learned in blocks, especially in the most frequently used persons: je, tu, il, nous and ils. Verbs like être, avoir and aller also appear in many structures with Auxiliary verbs, then in compound tenses such as the Compound past and the Imperfect.
| Subject | Infinitive | Conjugation |
|---|---|---|
| ils | être | |
| vous | être | |
| je | être | |
| il | être | |
| nous | être | |
| tu | être |
| Subject | Infinitive | Conjugation | |
|---|---|---|---|
être | suis | ||
être | es | ||
être | est | ||
être | sommes | ||
être | êtes | ||
être | sont |
To be, to have, to do, to go
Être describes identity, state and situation: je suis fatigué, elle est française. Avoir is used for possession, age and many common expressions: j’ai un frère, nous avons dix ans, tu as raison. Faire refers to a general action, an activity or the weather: je fais mes devoirs, nous faisons du sport, il fait froid. Aller expresses movement and also an idea of the near future: je vais à l’école, ils vont partir, ça va bien. These four verbs appear everywhere, so their most useful forms must be recognized quickly: suis, es, est, sommes, êtes, sont for être ; ai, as, a, avons, avez, ont for avoir ; fais, fais, fait, faisons, faites, font for faire ; vais, vas, va, allons, allez, vont for aller. They also enter very frequent structures such as être + adjective, avoir + noun and aller + infinitive.
| Verb | Subject | Infinitive | Conjugation |
|---|---|---|---|
| vous | devoir | ||
| tu | pouvoir | ||
| je | vouloir | ||
| il | devoir | ||
| je | pouvoir | ||
| nous | vouloir |
| Subject | Infinitive | Conjugation | |
|---|---|---|---|
pouvoir | peux | ||
pouvoir | peux | ||
vouloir | veux | ||
vouloir | voulons | ||
devoir | doit | ||
devoir | devez |
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To be able to, to want, to have to
Pouvoir indicates ability or permission: je peux venir, vous pouvez entrer. Vouloir expresses desire or willingness: je veux un café, nous voulons partir. Devoir marks obligation, necessity or probability: tu dois travailler, il doit être malade. These three verbs are often used before another verb in the infinitive, in the subject + verb + infinitive pattern. The main forms to recognize are peux, peux, peut, pouvons, pouvez, peuvent ; veux, veux, veut, voulons, voulez, veulent ; dois, dois, doit, devons, devez, doivent. In a shop, at school or at home, they make it possible to say what is possible, desired or necessary in a single sentence.
| Verb | Subject | Infinitive | Conjugation |
|---|---|---|---|
| je | venir | ||
| tu | prendre | ||
| elle | mettre | ||
| ils | prendre | ||
| nous | venir | ||
| vous | mettre |
| Subject | Infinitive | Conjugation | |
|---|---|---|---|
venir | viens | ||
venir | venons | ||
prendre | prends | ||
prendre | prennent | ||
mettre | met | ||
mettre | mettez |
To come, to take, to put
Venir refers to movement toward the speaker or to an origin: je viens de Lyon, ils viennent ici. Prendre means to seize, choose, consume or use: je prends le bus, elle prend du thé, nous prenons une photo. Mettre means to place, put down or put on: je mets mon manteau, on met la table, vous mettez le livre là. These verbs are very broad and recur in ordinary situations. Venir is conjugated with viens, viens, vient, venons, venez, viennent. Prendre gives prends, prends, prend, prenons, prenez, prennent. Mettre gives mets, mets, met, mettons, mettez, mettent. Their meaning depends greatly on the context, but their forms are quickly recognizable in conversation.
| Verb | Subject | Infinitive | Conjugation |
|---|---|---|---|
| je | dire | ||
| vous | écrire | ||
| nous | dire | ||
| elle | écrire | ||
| ils | lire | ||
| tu | lire |
| Subject | Infinitive | Conjugation | |
|---|---|---|---|
dire | dis | ||
dire | disons | ||
lire | lis | ||
lire | lisent | ||
écrire | écrit | ||
écrire | écrivez |
To say, to read, to write
Dire is used to report words or give information: je dis bonjour, elle dit la vérité, ils disent non. Lire concerns texts, messages and signs: je lis un livre, nous lisons un SMS. Écrire is used to produce a word, a message or a text: j’écris une carte, vous écrivez votre nom. These verbs are essential whenever one needs to speak precisely about communication. Dire follows the pattern dis, dis, dit, disons, dites, disent. Lire follows lis, lis, lit, lisons, lisez, lisent. Écrire follows écris, écris, écrit, écrivons, écrivez, écrivent. They are found in simple sentences such as je te dis quelque chose, je lis vite, tu écris bien.
| Usage | Explanation | |
|---|---|---|
| We use voir when we notice something with the eyes, even very quickly. | ||
| We use savoir when we have information or an answer. | ||
| We use connaître when we are already familiar with someone or something. |
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To see, to know, to be familiar with
Voir corresponds to perception with the eyes: je vois la mer, tu vois la voiture. Savoir is used for information, a rule or a skill: je sais ton nom, nous savons parler français. Connaître indicates familiarity with a person, place, book or situation: je connais Paris, elle connaît mon frère. The difference is clear: savoir concerns a fact or ability, connaître concerns a person or something one has already encountered. Voir is conjugated with vois, vois, voit, voyons, voyez, voient. Savoir gives sais, sais, sait, savons, savez, savent. Connaître gives connais, connais, connaît, connaissons, connaissez, connaissent. These verbs are very useful for talking about what one perceives, what one learns and what one already knows.
| Verb | Subject | Infinitive | Conjugation |
|---|---|---|---|
| vous | dormir | ||
| elle | dormir | ||
| je | boire | ||
| tu | partir | ||
| ils | partir | ||
| nous | boire |
| Subject | Infinitive | Conjugation | |
|---|---|---|---|
boire | bois | ||
boire | buvons | ||
partir | pars | ||
partir | partent | ||
dormir | dort | ||
dormir | dormez |
To drink, to leave, to sleep
Boire is used for drinks: je bois de l’eau, ils boivent du café. Partir means to leave a place: nous partons à huit heures, elle part demain. Dormir refers to sleep: je dors tôt, vous dormez mal. These verbs recur in daily life and their forms do not all follow a regular pattern. Boire gives bois, bois, boit, buvons, buvez, boivent. Partir gives pars, pars, part, partons, partez, partent. Dormir gives dors, dors, dort, dormons, dormez, dorment. They make it possible to talk about routine, going out and rest with short, natural sentences.
| Verb | Subject | Infinitive | Conjugation |
|---|---|---|---|
| j | ouvrir | ||
| elle | couvrir | ||
| nous | ouvrir | ||
| vous | couvrir | ||
| tu | offrir | ||
| ils | offrir |
| Subject | Infinitive | Conjugation | |
|---|---|---|---|
ouvrir | ouvre | ||
ouvrir | ouvrons | ||
offrir | offres | ||
offrir | offrent | ||
couvrir | couvre | ||
couvrir | couvrez |
To open, to offer, to cover
These verbs end in -ir but they are not conjugated like the regular verbs in Verb groups. Ouvrir means to make accessible: j’ouvre la porte, nous ouvrons la fenêtre. Offrir means to give, offer or pay for someone: elle offre un cadeau, ils offrent le dessert. Couvrir means to put something on a surface or protect: je couvre la table, tu couvres le bébé. These verbs share forms close to those of -er verbs in certain tenses, with ouvre, ouvres, ouvre, ouvrons, ouvrez, ouvrent ; offre, offres, offre, offrons, offrez, offrent ; couvre, couvres, couvre, couvrons, couvrez, couvrent. Recognizing them quickly prevents confusing them with regular patterns.
| Verb | Subject | Infinitive | Conjugation |
|---|---|---|---|
| je | suivre | ||
| vous | recevoir | ||
| elle | recevoir | ||
| nous | suivre | ||
| tu | vivre | ||
| ils | vivre |
| Subject | Infinitive | Conjugation | |
|---|---|---|---|
suivre | suis | ||
suivre | suivons | ||
vivre | vis | ||
vivre | vivent | ||
recevoir | reçoit | ||
recevoir | recevez |
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To follow, to live, to receive
Suivre expresses the idea of going behind, accompanying or continuing: je suis le guide, nous suivons le cours. Vivre refers to life, place of residence or experience: il vit à Marseille, elles vivent ensemble. Recevoir means to obtain something, welcome someone or be informed: je reçois un message, vous recevez des invités. These verbs are frequent in everyday exchanges and descriptions of concrete situations. Suivre gives suis, suis, suit, suivons, suivez, suivent. Vivre gives vis, vis, vit, vivons, vivez, vivent. Recevoir gives reçois, reçois, reçoit, recevons, recevez, reçoivent. In a conversation, they are used to say what one accompanies, what one goes through and what one receives.
| Usage | Explanation | |
|---|---|---|
| We use prendre to get into a form of transport. | ||
| We use prendre to choose or decide something. | ||
| We use prendre to talk about a meal or a drink. | ||
| We use prendre to capture an image with a camera or phone. |
To take in everyday life
Prendre has several very useful uses. One takes transportation: je prends le métro. One takes a decision: nous prenons une pause. One has a meal: elle prend un petit déjeuner. One also takes a photo, an appointment or an object: tu prends une photo, ils prennent rendez-vous. Its meaning remains broad, and the context specifies the action. The main forms are prends, prends, prend, prenons, prenez, prennent. In everyday life, this verb is often used to express a simple action with a concrete complement: prendre + noun. It appears in very natural sentences involving schedules, routes, choices and habits.
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Vous pouvez maintenant reconnaître et employer de nombreux verbes irréguliers pour parler, demander, choisir, vous déplacer et décrire votre quotidien. Pour aller plus loin, pratiquez leur emploi dans le Passé composé, puis comparez-les avec l’Imparfait.
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