Irregular Verbs in FrenchA2
You’ll soon recognize changing stems, conjugate frequent irregular verbs, and build natural French sentences with être, avoir, aller, and more. Start by spotting the patterns in the first unit, then use each guide to put those verbs to work.
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Recognizing irregulars
An irregular verb does not keep a single conjugation pattern from start to finish. A form may change its stem, another may take a different ending, and sometimes both change. In French, regular verbs mainly follow the patterns of Verbes réguliers and of Groupes de Verbes, but irregulars require special attention because they appear very early in everyday language.
To spot them, we look at the most frequent forms, especially those in the present indicative. If the first person, the second person, or the third person do not follow the expected pattern, the verb is one of the forms to memorize. Irregularities are also found in the future, the past participle, and certain uses with auxiliary. In a sentence, the verb remains the nucleus that expresses the action, the state, the occurrence or the change, and it is what places the event in time.
To be, to have, to go
is conjugated in the present as: I am, you are, he is, we are, you are, they are. gives I have, you have, he has, we have, you have, they have. gives I go, you go, he goes, we go, you go, they go.
These three verbs appear everywhere. is used to describe identity, state, profession and descriptions with an adjective. is used to express possession and many fixed expressions, such as and . is used for movement and for the construction for the near future. In everyday language, these are forms to know before almost all others, as they also serve as the base for auxiliary verbs and for several very common constructions.
| Subject | Infinitive | Conjugation | |
|---|---|---|---|
être | suis | ||
être | es | ||
être | est | ||
être | sommes | ||
être | êtes | ||
être | sont | ||
avoir | ai | ||
avoir | as | ||
avoir | a | ||
avoir | avons | ||
avoir | avez | ||
avoir | ont | ||
aller | vais | ||
aller | vas | ||
aller | va | ||
aller | allons | ||
aller | allez | ||
aller | vont |
Irregular -er verbs
Several verbs do not follow the regular pattern of Verbes réguliers. They often change stem in the present and in other tenses. donne je , tu , il , nous , vous , ils . suit the same change type: je , tu , il , nous , vous , ils . The stem or appears in the singular and third person singular, while and appear with nous and vous.
se conjugue je , tu , il , nous , vous , ils . donne je , tu , il , nous , vous , ils . donne je , tu , il , nous , vous , ils . Ces verbes servent à parler de capacité, de désir et de perception, et ils reviennent souvent dans les Constructions verbales, par exemple ou .
| Subject | Infinitive | Conjugation | |
|---|---|---|---|
venir | viens | ||
venir | viens | ||
venir | vient | ||
venir | venons | ||
venir | venez | ||
venir | viennent | ||
tenir | tiens | ||
tenir | tiens | ||
tenir | tient | ||
tenir | tenons | ||
tenir | tenez | ||
tenir | tiennent | ||
pouvoir | peux | ||
pouvoir | peux | ||
pouvoir | peut | ||
pouvoir | pouvons | ||
pouvoir | pouvez | ||
pouvoir | peuvent | ||
vouloir | veux | ||
vouloir | veux | ||
vouloir | veut | ||
vouloir | voulons | ||
vouloir | voulez | ||
vouloir | veulent | ||
voir | vois | ||
voir | vois | ||
voir | voit | ||
voir | voyons | ||
voir | voyez | ||
voir | voient |
Irregular -ir verbs
Irregular -ir verbs do not follow the same pattern as regular verbs of the second group. is conjugated I , you , he , we , you , they . follows the same pattern: I , you , he , we , you , they . gives I , you , he , we , you , they .
and behave like -er verbs in terms of forms, even though they end in : I , you , he , we , you , they ; I , you , he , we , you , they . These verbs are common in daily life. They are used to talk about departure, movement, sleep and concrete action, and their forms must be known before working on the present indicative with confidence.
| Subject | Infinitive | Conjugation | |
|---|---|---|---|
partir | pars | ||
partir | pars | ||
partir | part | ||
partir | partons | ||
partir | partez | ||
partir | partent | ||
sortir | sors | ||
sortir | sors | ||
sortir | sort | ||
sortir | sortons | ||
sortir | sortez | ||
sortir | sortent | ||
dormir | dors | ||
dormir | dors | ||
dormir | dort | ||
dormir | dormons | ||
dormir | dormez | ||
dormir | dorment | ||
offrir | offre | ||
offrir | offres | ||
offrir | offre | ||
offrir | offrons | ||
offrir | offrez | ||
offrir | offrent | ||
ouvrir | ouvre | ||
ouvrir | ouvres | ||
ouvrir | ouvre | ||
ouvrir | ouvrons | ||
ouvrir | ouvrez | ||
ouvrir | ouvrent |
Irregular -re verbs
Parmi les verbes en , plusieurs très fréquents sont irréguliers. se conjugue je , tu , il , nous , vous , ils . Le même noyau apparaît dans et : j’, tu , il , nous , vous , ils ; je , tu , il , nous , vous , ils .
donne je , tu , il , nous , vous , ils . donne je , tu , il , nous , vous , ils . Ces verbes servent à exprimer l’action de prendre, d’apprendre, de comprendre, de placer et de fabriquer. est aussi essentiel dans de nombreuses expressions et dans des constructions verbales très courantes, ce qui en fait un verbe de base au même titre que , et .
| Subject | Infinitive | Conjugation | |
|---|---|---|---|
prendre | prends | ||
prendre | prends | ||
prendre | prend | ||
prendre | prenons | ||
prendre | prenez | ||
prendre | prennent | ||
mettre | mets | ||
mettre | mets | ||
mettre | met | ||
mettre | mettons | ||
mettre | mettez | ||
mettre | mettent | ||
faire | fais | ||
faire | fais | ||
faire | fait | ||
faire | faisons | ||
faire | faites | ||
faire | font | ||
apprendre | apprends | ||
apprendre | apprends | ||
apprendre | apprend | ||
apprendre | apprenons | ||
apprendre | apprenez | ||
apprendre | apprennent | ||
comprendre | comprends | ||
comprendre | comprends | ||
comprendre | comprend | ||
comprendre | comprenons | ||
comprendre | comprenez | ||
comprendre | comprennent |
Roots that change
Some verbs keep the same endings but change the stem according to the person. shows in the singular and with us and you: je , tu , il , nous , vous , ils . follows the same logic with et : je , nous .
Other verbs change by the vowel of the stem. gives j’, tu , il , nous , vous , ils . gives je , tu , il , nous , vous , ils . follows the same pattern: j’, tu , il , nous , vous , ils . These changes appear mainly in the present indicative, but they often extend to other forms tied to the same stem, which helps recognize the verb before conjugating.
| Idea | |
|---|---|
Irregular future and conditional
The simple future and the conditional often use an irregular stem that stays the same in both tenses. donne : j’, tu , il , nous , vous , ils ; au conditionnel, j’, tu , il , nous , vous , ils . donne : j’ et . donne : je et . donne : je et .
On retrouve aussi dans : je , je ; dans : je , je ; dans : je , je ; dans : je , je . Le modèle reste le même : radical du futur ou du conditionnel + terminaisons du futur ou du conditionnel. Ces bases servent aussi dans des phrases avec valeur de projection, d’hypothèse ou de politesse, très utiles avec Conditionnel.
| Subject | Infinitive | Conjugation | |
|---|---|---|---|
aller | irai | ||
aller | irons | ||
avoir | aurai | ||
avoir | aurez | ||
être | sera | ||
être | serons | ||
faire | feras | ||
faire | feront | ||
venir | viendrai | ||
venir | viendrons |
Irregular past participle
The past participle of many common verbs does not follow a single pattern. donne , donne , donne , donne , donne , donne . donne , donne , donne , donne , donne , donne , donne , donne , donne , donne .
These forms are used in compound tenses with the auxiliaries of Verbes auxiliaires, especially with and . They are also necessary for Participe Passé and for the Accord du passé, because the form of the past participle determines the final spelling of the verb in many sentences.
| Subject | Infinitive | Conjugation | |
|---|---|---|---|
avoir | eu | ||
être | été | ||
faire | fait | ||
mettre | mis | ||
prendre | pris | ||
dire | dit | ||
voir | vu | ||
pouvoir | pu | ||
vouloir | voulu | ||
venir | venu |
Infinitive and periphrases
The infinitive is the non-conjugated form of the verb, the one you find in dictionaries. It is used after another verb, after a preposition, or in a nominal construction. The gerund is formed with , and it expresses an action that accompanies another action. Irregular verbs also appear in these forms, but without the subject endings.
In common periphrasis, expresses a near future: I am going to leave, we are going to eat. expresses a recent past: he has just arrived, they have just finished. indicates an obligation or a probability: you must leave, he must be there. expresses ability: we can go out. expresses desire: I want to sleep. is used in causatives: she has the car repaired. These constructions show how irregular forms enter complete sentences, with a conjugated verb followed by an infinitive.
Take the Quiz!
You can now conjugate many irregular verbs in the present, future, and conditional, choose their past participles, and use constructions such as aller + infinitive and pouvoir + infinitive. Keep building your range with Past Participles, then practice agreement in Past-Participial Agreement.
Prerequisites
Complementary Modules
Unlocks Modules
Practical Applications