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Table of Contents
- Parts of Speech
Basics of Spanish grammar covering nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections.
- Nouns
Basics of Spanish nouns: gender, number, common vs proper, and singular vs plural.
- Gender
Spanish noun gender rules, including how masculine and feminine forms work, plus tips for agreement with articles and adjectives.
- Plurals
Plurals in Spanish, including rules and examples for forming plural nouns and handling exceptions.
- Gender Agreement
Gender agreement in Spanish grammar means that adjectives, articles, and pronouns change their form to match the gender (masculine or feminine) of the nouns they refer to.
- Noun-Adjective Agreement
Noun-adjective agreement in Spanish means that adjectives must match the gender (masculine/feminine) and number (singular/plural) of the nouns they describe. This ensures grammatical consistency within sentences.
- Articles
Basics of Spanish articles: gender, number, definite vs indefinite, and usage for nouns.
- Definite Articles
Definite articles in Spanish: what they are, how they match nouns in gender and number, and their role in specifying meaning.
- Indefinite Articles
Indefinite articles in Spanish, including their forms, usage, and examples for expressing "a," "an," and "some" with singular and plural nouns.
- Pronouns
Basics of Spanish pronouns: subjects, objects, reflexive, and more for everyday conversation and grammar.
- Subject Pronouns
Subject pronouns in Spanish and English, including their roles and examples, to explain how they replace the subject in a sentence.
- Direct Object Pronouns
Direct object pronouns in Spanish replace the noun that directly receives the action of the verb, helping to avoid repetition in sentences.
- Indirect Object Pronouns
Indirect object pronouns in Spanish explain how to indicate "to whom" or "for whom" an action is done, including uses, placement, and examples.
- Reflexive Pronouns
Reflexive pronouns in Spanish indicate that the subject performs an action on itself. They are used with reflexive verbs to show that the subject and object are the same.
- Possessive Pronouns
Possessive pronouns in Spanish and English, used to indicate ownership and replace a noun.
- Adjectives
Basics of Spanish adjectives: agreement, placement, common types, and key usage rules.
- Descriptive Adjectives
Descriptive adjectives in Spanish, including how they agree with nouns, examples, and common usage rules.
- Comparative Adjectives
Spanish comparative adjectives explain how to compare two things, express differences in equality, and use common comparison words like más, menos, and tan.
- Superlative Adjectives
Superlative adjectives in Spanish are used to express the highest degree or extreme quality of a noun within a group or context.
- Demonstrative Adjectives
Demonstrative adjectives in Spanish are words that point out specific nouns and show their relationship to the speaker's location.
- Adverbs
Basics of Spanish adverbs: formation, common types, placement in sentences, and role in modifying verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs.
- Frequency Adverbs
Frequency adverbs in Spanish describe how often an action occurs, helping learners express routines and habits with precision.
- Manner Adverbs
Manner adverbs in Spanish, explaining how to describe the way an action is performed using adverbs like “rápidamente” and “cuidadosamente.”
- Degree Adverbs
Degree adverbs in Spanish, showing how to modify intensity or extent within sentences.
- Place Adverbs
Place adverbs in Spanish are words that describe where an action happens. They can indicate location, direction, or movement within a sentence.
- Prepositions
Basics of Spanish prepositions: what they are, common examples, and how they connect words in sentences.
- Common Prepositions
Common prepositions in Spanish, along with their English meanings and usage tips, to help you form clear and accurate sentences.
- Prepositions of Place
Prepositions of place in Spanish, including "en," "sobre," "debajo de," "delante de," "detrás de," "al lado de," and "entre," with usage rules and examples.
- Prepositions of Time
Prepositions of time in Spanish, including how to use a, en, de, desde, hasta, durante, and por to indicate when something happens.
- Conjunctions
Basics of Spanish conjunctions for connecting words, phrases, and clauses to build fluency in grammar.
- Coordinating Conjunctions
Coordinating conjunctions in Spanish, including definitions, examples, and usage tips for connecting words, phrases, and clauses.
- Subordinating Conjunctions
Subordinating conjunctions in Spanish are words that connect a dependent clause to an independent clause, showing relationships like time, cause, condition, or contrast.
- Interjections
Interjections in Spanish, including common examples, usage rules, cultural tips, and how they differ from interjections in English.
- Syntax and Sentences
Explore Spanish sentence structure, word order, and syntax rules to build clear and correct sentences for effective communication.
- Basic Syntax Rules
Basic syntax rules in Spanish, including word order, verb placement, and agreement, to help you build correct and meaningful sentences.
- Sentence Structure
Basics of Spanish sentence structure, including word order and key components for forming sentences.
- Declarative Sentences
Declarative sentences in Spanish are statements that express facts, opinions, or information. They follow a subject-verb-object order and end with a period.
- Interrogative Sentences
Interrogative sentences explain how to form and use questions in Spanish, including question words and word order.
- Exclamatory Sentences
Exclamatory sentences in Spanish express strong emotions, such as surprise, joy, anger, or excitement. They begin with ¡ and end with !.
- Negations
Basics of forming negations in Spanish for everyday conversation and grammar.
- Simple Negations
Simple negations in Spanish, focusing on the use of no to express straightforward negative statements.
- Double Negatives
Double negatives in Spanish, how multiple negative words work together to express negation without creating a positive meaning.
- Relative Clauses
Introduction to relative clauses in Spanish for connecting sentences and adding details.
- Defining Clauses
Defining clauses are relative clauses in Spanish that identify or specify the exact person, thing, or group being referred to. They are essential for clarifying meaning in sentences.
- Non-defining Clauses
Non-defining clauses add extra information to a sentence without limiting or defining the noun they describe.
- Verbs
Introduction to Spanish verbs
- Verb Types
Overview of Spanish verb types: regular, irregular, stem-changing, and reflexive verbs.
- Regular Verbs
Regular Spanish verbs are the most predictable verbs, following standard rules across all subjects and tenses for easy learning.
- Irregular Verbs
Irregular verbs in Spanish are verbs that do not follow the regular conjugation patterns for -ar, -er, or -ir endings. They have unique changes in their stems or endings.
- Stem-Changing Verbs
Stem-changing verbs in Spanish are verbs that undergo a vowel change in their stem when conjugated in certain forms, altering the root.
- Reflexive Verbs
Reflexive verbs in Spanish are verbs that indicate the subject performs an action on itself. They always use reflexive pronouns (me, te, se, nos, os, se).
- Auxiliary Verbs
Auxiliary verbs in Spanish, their role in forming compound tenses, and examples of how they are used with main verbs.
- Verb Conjugation
Basics of Spanish verb conjugation to change verb forms for different subjects, tenses, and moods.
- Present Tense
The Spanish present tense, including regular and irregular conjugations, usage rules, and examples for everyday communication.
- Past Tenses
Overview of Spanish past tenses for describing actions and events that occurred in the past.
- Preterite Tense
The Spanish preterite tense is used to talk about actions that were completed in the past. It shows what happened, when it happened, and that the action is finished.
- Irregular Preterite Verbs
Irregular preterite verbs in Spanish are verbs that do not follow regular conjugation patterns in the past tense. These verbs have unique ... and help you express actions that are completed and happened at a specific point in the past.
- Imperfect Tense
The imperfect tense in Spanish describes past actions that were ongoing, habitual, or background events. It is used for setting scenes, expressing repeated actions, or talking about what used to happen.
- Future Tense
The future tense in Spanish is used to talk about actions that will happen, make predictions, or express probability.
- Simple Future
The simple future tense in Spanish expresses actions that will happen, intentions, or predictions. It uses the same endings for all verbs.
- Irregular Future Verbs
- Conditional Tenses
Introduction to Spanish conditional tenses for expressing hypothetical situations, polite requests, and future-in-the-past scenarios.
- Simple Conditional
The Simple Conditional is a verb form in Spanish used to express hypothetical actions, polite requests, or future events from a past perspective.
- Perfect Conditional
Spanish verb tense for expressing what would have happened in the past using "haber" + past participle.
- Subjunctive Mood
Introduction to the Spanish subjunctive mood for expressing wishes, doubts, emotions, and hypotheticals.
- Present Subjunctive
The Spanish present subjunctive is a verb form used to express doubt, desire, emotion, necessity, and uncertainty about actions in the present or future. It is also commonly used in dependent clauses.
- Past Subjunctive
The past subjunctive in Spanish is a verb form used to express doubts, wishes, hypotheticals, or politeness about events in the past.
- Verbal Aspects
Overview of Spanish verbal aspects (imperfective and perfective) for expressing ongoing, habitual, or completed actions.
- Perfect Tenses
Perfect tenses in Spanish express actions that have been completed or that have relevance to another point in time.
- Progressive Tenses
Progressive tenses in Spanish, showing ongoing actions using forms of estar + gerund (-ando, -iendo).
- Infinitives
Introduction to Spanish infinitives
- Uses and Structure
Spanish infinitives are the basic, unconjugated forms of verbs ending in -ar, -er, or -ir, used to express general actions, create compound tenses, and more.
- Imperative Mood
The imperative mood in Spanish is used to give commands, make requests, or offer invitations.
- Affirmative Commands
Affirmative commands in Spanish are used to tell someone to do something. They are direct verb forms expressing orders, advice, or instructions.
- Negative Commands
Negative commands in Spanish tell someone not to do something. They use the subjunctive mood and include the word "no" before the verb.
- Special Topics
Explore advanced Spanish grammar topics to deepen your understanding of the language.
- Word Formation
Explore the basics of Spanish word formation, including prefixes, suffixes, and root words to understand how new words are created.
- Suffixes
Spanish suffixes are endings added to root words to change their meaning or function. They can create new words, adjust grammatical roles, express ... . This page categorizes common suffixes by their role in Spanish grammar and usage.
- Prefixes
All the prefixes in Spanish, what they mean, and how they change the meanings of words. Includes examples for each prefix.
- Diminutives and Augmentatives
Diminutives and augmentatives in Spanish show smallness, affection, or emphasis by adding suffixes to words, especially nouns and adjectives.
- Plurals and Gender
Plurals and Gender in Spanish — rules for forming plural nouns and adjectives, as well as determining and changing gender in grammar.
- Gerunds and Participles
Gerunds and participles in Spanish are verb forms used to express ongoing actions (gerunds) and to modify nouns or form compound tenses (participles).
- Passive Voice
An overview of the passive voice in Spanish, including how it is formed, when to use it, and how it differs from the active voice and other passive constructions.
- Cleft Sentences
Cleft sentences in English and Spanish, showing how to emphasize parts of a sentence using “it was ... who/that ...” and “fue ... quien/que ...”.
- Agreement Rules
A summary of key agreement rules in Spanish grammar, including how adjectives, articles, and verbs must match nouns and subjects in gender, number, and person.
- Irregular Verbs
Overview of Spanish irregular verbs, including key patterns and examples for common irregularities in conjugation.
- Ser: to be (essential quality)
Ser is an irregular Spanish verb meaning “to be,” used to describe essential qualities, identity, origin, and other permanent or defining characteristics.
- Estar: to be (state, location)
Estar in Spanish, its usage for expressing temporary states, locations, and conditions and how it differs from ser.
- Ir: to go
Ir and its uses, including conjugations (present, preterite, imperfect, subjunctive), and example sentences to help you say "to go" in Spanish.
- Tener: to have
Tener is the Spanish verb meaning "to have." It is an irregular verb used to express possession, age, obligations, and more. It appears in many common phrases and idioms.
- Haber: to have (auxiliary)
Haber is an auxiliary verb used to form compound tenses in Spanish, as well as an impersonal verb meaning "there is" (hay).
- Hacer: to do, to make
The Spanish verb hacer, meaning "to do" or "to make," is an irregular verb used to express actions of creating, performing, or carrying out tasks. It is fundamental for forming questions, talking about weather, and describing a wide range of activities.
- Poder: can, to be able
The Spanish verb poder, meaning "can" or "to be able," is one of the most common and important irregular verbs, used to express ability, permission, or possibility.
- Decir: to say, to tell
Detailed explanation of the Spanish verb decir, including its meaning, usage, irregular conjugations, and common examples in context.
- Querer: to want, to love
Querer means "to want" or "to love" in Spanish. It's an irregular verb used for desires, affection, and expressing intentions.
- Saber: to know (facts)
Saber is an irregular Spanish verb meaning "to know" used for facts, information, and learned skills. It is distinct from conocer.
- Venir: to come
Irregular Spanish verb venir meaning “to come,” including usage, forms, and examples.
- Ver: to see
The Spanish verb see, including its meaning, usage, irregular conjugations, and examples to help you use ver correctly in context.
- Dar: to give
Dar is the Spanish verb meaning “to give.” It is used to express the act of giving something to someone or causing something to happen. It is irregular in certain tenses and moods.
- Poner: to put
Poner is an irregular Spanish verb meaning "to put." It is used to express placing something somewhere, turning on appliances, or setting situations. Poner appears in various common phrases and is irregular in several tenses and forms.
- Salir: to leave, to go out
Salir is a common irregular verb in Spanish meaning "to leave" or "to go out." It is used for departing, going out socially, or indicating a ..., forming a key part of everyday conversation and expression.
- Traer: to bring
Spanish irregular verb traer (to bring), including conjugations, usage, and examples.
- Oír: to hear
The Spanish verb oír means “to hear.” It is an irregular verb used to describe the action of perceiving sound. Oír is important in expressing what you hear, listen to, or perceive
- Conocer: to know (people, places)
Overview of the Spanish verb conocer, which means "to know" in the context of being familiar with people, places, or things.
- Andar: to walk
Conjugations and usages of andar, the Spanish verb meaning "to walk," including its irregular forms and examples.
- Conducir: to drive
Conducir is a Spanish verb meaning "to drive," along with other related senses. It’s irregular in certain tenses and used to express controlling a vehicle, leading something, or guiding a process.
- Traducir: to translate
TheSpanish verb "traducir," which means "to translate," including its usage, irregular conjugations, and examples.
- Caber: to fit
Caber is an irregular Spanish verb meaning “to fit.” It is used to express whether something can be contained within a space or organized in a certain way.
- Caer: to fall
The Spanish verb caer, meaning to fall, including its usage, conjugations, and examples.
- Valer: to be worth
- Seguir: to follow
Seguir in Spanish means "to follow." It is irregular in certain forms and is used to describe continuing, pursuing, or moving behind someone or something.
- Morir: to die
Spanish verb morir means "to die." This guide explains its meaning, uses, irregular patterns, and how to use it in everyday Spanish.
- Dormir: to sleep
Conjugations and usage of dormir, an irregular Spanish verb meaning "to sleep," including examples and related grammar rules.
- Pedir: to ask for, to request
Pedir is a Spanish verb that means "to ask for" or "to request." It is used to express making a request or ordering something, often appearing in everyday conversation and formal contexts.
- Sentir: to feel
The Spanish verb sentir means to feel and is used to express emotions, sensations, or regrets. It is irregular in certain forms, especially in the present tense, subjunctive mood, and past participle, and can also function as a reflexive verb (sentirse) to describe how someone feels internally.
- Jugar: to play (games)
Jugar means "to play" in Spanish, specifically referring to playing games or sports. It is a stem-changing verb (u → ue) in most forms.
Last updated: Wed Jun 18, 2025