Subject personal pronouns indicate who performs the action of the verb and make it possible to avoid repeating the name. Instead of saying María sings and María dances, one says María sings and she dances. The pronoun provides person information and, in the plural, also group information: I, you, he, she, we, you all, they, they, in addition to you and you all. When the subject is already clear from the verb form, the pronoun is frequently omitted: I speak, we eat, they live. It is used when it is necessary to clarify, contrast, or insist on who is acting. Subject pronouns are related to other uses of the pronominal system, such as Demonstrative Pronouns and Possessive Pronouns, but here they function only as the subject of the verb.

yonosotrostúellaellasvosotrosélustedellosustedes

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Indica a el grupo al que se habla en forma cercana en algunas zonasIndica a varias personas o cosas masculinas o mixtas de las que se hablaIndica a el grupo que incluye a la persona que hablaIndica a varias personas cuando se les habla en forma formal o generalIndica a la persona que habla y reemplaza su nombre en la oraciónIndica a una persona en trato formalIndica a un hombre o un objeto masculino del que se hablaIndica a varias mujeres o cosas femeninas de las que se hablaIndica a una mujer o un objeto femenino del que se hablaIndica a la persona que escucha en trato cercano

Most common subject pronouns

Word	Definition
yo	Indicates the person speaking and replaces their name in the sentence.
tú	Indicates the person listening in familiar address.
él	Indicates a man or a masculine object being talked about.
ella	Indicates a woman or a feminine object being talked about.
nosotros	Indicates the group that includes the person speaking.
vosotros	Indicates the group being addressed in familiar form in some areas.
ellos	Indicates several masculine or mixed people or things being talked about.
ellas	Indicates several women or feminine things being talked about.
usted	Indicates a person addressed formally.
ustedes	Indicates several people when they are addressed formally or generally.

Scramble

Person indicates who participates in the situation. The first person refers to the person who is speaking: I in the singular and we in the plural. The second person refers to the person who is listening: you, you all, you all, you and you all. The third person refers to another person or thing: he, she, they, they. Number indicates whether it concerns one person or several. I and you are singular; we and you all are plural; he and she are singular; they and they are plural. You is used with a third-person singular verb, and you all with a third-person plural verb. In I work, the speaker names themself. In you work, the speaker addresses one person. In they work, the speaker talks about several people distinct from the speaker and listener. This distinction is the basis for using pronouns precisely and for later understanding forms such as Indefinite Pronouns.

Relation between person and number

Idea
The first person speaks of the one who emits the message.
The second person speaks of the one who receives the message.
The third person talks about someone who does not participate in the conversation.
The singular is used for one person or thing.
The plural is used for several people or things.
I is always first person singular.
You is always second person singular.
We is always first person plural.

You and you refer to the second-person singular, but they do not express the same type of relationship. You appears in close, familiar interaction or among people who trust one another: Do you live here? You appears in formal, respectful interaction or with social distance: Do you live here? The difference is not in grammatical person, but in register. You takes second-person singular verb forms: you speak, you want, you have. You takes third-person singular verb forms: you speak, you want, you have. When the verb is conjugated, the pronoun can be omitted if the context already clarifies the form of address, but it is used to mark politeness or closeness explicitly. In many contexts, alternation with other forms of address also appears, and therefore it is useful to distinguish it from the beginning from Reflexive Pronouns, where the form of the pronoun changes according to the function it fulfills.

Trust and formality usage

Usage	Explanation
Close address	Uses tú when speaking with someone with familiarity or in an informal setting.
Formal address	Uses usted when you want to sound respectful or more formal.
Second person singular	Tú and usted refer to a single person who receives the action.
Tone shift	You can switch from tú to usted to show more distance or courtesy.

We includes the speaker within the group. We is used for a group with at least one man or when gender is not to be marked; we is used for a group made up only of women. The verb is in the first-person plural: we study, we leave. You all addresses several people and takes a third-person plural verb: you all speak, you all eat. In Spanish from many regions, you all is used in both formal and informal interaction; the difference in politeness is marked by the context, not by the verb form. Compared with you all, which appears in some varieties, you all is the most widespread plural form. In a conversation, we serves to include the speaker in the action: we are going to the movies. You all serves to address several people: are you all coming tomorrow? These forms are useful for organizing groups and contrasting who is part of the action and who receives it.

ustedesustedesustedesvosotrosustedes

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Se usa como forma normal para varias personas en conversaciones cotidianasSe usa como forma habitual para dirigirse a varias personas tanto en situaciones informales como formalesSe usa como forma muy frecuente para hablar a varias personas en la vida diariaSe usa como segunda persona plural cercana para hablar con varias personas en contexto informalSe usa como forma común para varias personas en el trato cotidiano

Plural forms by region

Region	Variant	Definition	Example
España	vosotros	Used as second person plural closest to speak to several people in an informal context.	Vosotros abrís la caja del tesoro.Vosotros you open the treasure chest.
México	ustedes	Used as normal form to address several people in both informal and formal situations.	Ustedes preparan tacos para la luna.Ustedes prepare tacos for the moon.
Argentina	ustedes	Used as common form for several people in everyday trato.	Ustedes bailan tango con paraguas.Ustedes dance tango with umbrellas.
Colombia	ustedes	Used as normal form for several people in everyday conversations.	Ustedes organizan una tarde de cometas.Ustedes organize an afternoon of kites.
Chile	ustedes	Used as very common form to speak to several people in daily life.	Ustedes pintan un mural de pizza.Ustedes paint a pizza mural.

Scramble

Object pronouns do not function as subjects, but as direct or indirect objects of the verb. They replace an already known object to avoid repeating it: I see Ana becomes I see her; I give the book to Carlos becomes I give him the book or I give it to him when indirect and direct objects appear together. The main forms are it, her, them for direct objects, and him, them for indirect objects. It and them are used with masculine or neuter direct objects: I saw it, I bought them. Her and them are used with feminine direct objects: I called her, I found them. Him and them indicate the person who receives the action or benefit: I write to Ana, I give them flowers. These pronouns usually appear before the conjugated verb and are the basis for later understanding more specific forms such as Direct Object Pronouns and Indirect Object Pronouns.

Direct and indirect object pronouns

Idea
Lo replaces a masculine singular direct object.
La replaces a feminine singular direct object.
Los replaces a masculine plural direct object.
Las replaces a feminine plural direct object.
Le replaces a singular indirect object.
Les replaces a plural indirect object.
Me replaces the recipient in first person.
Te replaces the recipient in second person.

With a conjugated verb, the object pronoun goes before the verb: I want it, we write to him, we saw them. With an infinitive and gerund, it can go before the conjugated verb or be attached to the infinitive or gerund: I am going to buy it and I am going to buy it; I am seeing her and I am seeing her. In the attached gerund, the accent mark follows the usual rules of accentuation: saying it, reading to him. With the affirmative imperative, the pronoun is attached to the verb: tell me, buy it, explain it to him. If there are two pronouns, the indirect one goes before the direct one: he gives it to me, he shows it to you, he sells them to him. When to him or to them goes before it, her, them, it changes to to oneself: I tell it to him, I hand them to him. The position of the pronoun depends, above all, on the verb form that accompanies it, and that same logic appears in frequent constructions with Demonstrative Pronouns and with objects already known in the sentence.

Position of indirect and direct object pronouns

Usage	Explanation
Sentence with a conjugated verb	Pronouns usually go before the conjugated verb.
Infinitive	With an infinitive you can place the pronoun after the verb.
Gerund	With a gerund you can place the pronoun after the verb form.
Affirmative imperative	With an affirmative imperative the pronoun goes attached to the end.
Several pronouns	When several pronouns appear together they keep the natural order of indirect object then direct object.

Reflexive pronouns indicate that the action returns to the same person who performs it. In I wash myself, you comb your hair, he dresses himself, the subject and the object are the same person. The forms are myself, yourself, himself, ourselves and yourselves, and also themselves for the third-person singular and plural. They are used with reflexive verbs such as to wash oneself, to brush oneself, to sit down, to get up. In these structures, the verb and the pronoun form a unit of meaning: Ana wakes up early does not mean that another person wakes Ana, but that Ana performs the action on herself or for herself. The pronoun agrees with the person and number of the subject: I sit down, you sit down, we sit down, they sit down. Some verbs change meaning when they take a pronoun, and then the reflexive form no longer refers only to an action on oneself. This relationship between pronoun and verb also helps identify third-person uses in Relative Pronouns.

Use of reflexive pronouns

Usage	Explanation
Action on oneself	Use reflexive pronouns when the person performs the action on themselves.
Everyday habit	They are common in personal routines and repeated actions.
Personal care	They are used for body care and appearance verbs.
Reciprocal action	They can also appear when several people perform the action with each other.
Pronominal verb	Some verbs use reflexive pronouns naturally and change their sense or use.