Causative verbs express that a subject makes, orders, allows, provokes, or leads someone to perform an action. Instead of describing only the main action, the sentence shows a relationship between a causer and an agent or participant of the action. These constructions appear with verbs such as make, order, let, have, put, oblige, cause and provoke, and many of them link with Verbal Infinitives, Verbal Gerund and Verbal Participles.

Make with the infinitive expresses direct causation and is very common in commands, provocations and actions controlled by a causer. Mandar with the infinitive expresses an order, imposition or direction for another person to perform the action. These structures are part of Verbal Periphrases and require attention to pronoun placement, which varies between Brazilian Portuguese and European Portuguese.

Deixar with infinitive indicates permission and may have a more colloquial value than 'permit'. To permit also introduces a participant who authorizes the action, but tends to sound more formal and administrative. In both constructions, the main action appears in the infinitive and the causer subject functions as the one who grants the freedom to act.

Ter with a participle expresses a result obtained by the intervention of someone, as if the final situation had been provided. To put someone to the infinitive introduces an action put in motion by a causer and highlights the passage to an ongoing activity. These forms combine very well with Verbal Participles and reveal relations of control or responsibility over the event.

Causar and provocar are lexical causative verbs, that is, the verb itself already carries the idea of the origin of an effect. They do not depend on a second verb to show the cause relation, although they can appear with complements naming the result. They are frequent in formal, scientific and narrative contexts, in which the origin of the event needs to be explicit.

The non-finite forms include the infinitive, gerund and participle, and are essential for building periphrases and causative structures. The infinitive ends in -ar, -er or -ir; the gerund ends in -ando, -endo or -indo; and the participle usually ends in -ado or -ido, with irregular forms such as done and said. To better understand the verbal patterns that underlie these forms, it is useful to review Regular Verbs and Irregular Verbs.

In the paradigm of falar, the present appears as faço in another person of the verbal system, while the pretedrito imperfeito shows the base regular fazia and the futuro simples arises as farei in the conjugation corresponding. The infinitive is falar and the participle is falado, which shows the distinction between the base form and the form of result. This pattern helps to recognize how regular verbs organize time and aspect in causative and periphrastic constructions.

In the paradigm of comer, the present base is como, the pretedrito imperfeito is comia and the futuro simples is comerei. The gerund is comendo and the participle is comido, forms very useful in continuous and resultative constructions. This pattern shows the relationship between a stable root and the endings that mark tense and non-finitude.

In the paradigm of partir, the present form is parto, the pretedrito imperfeito is partia and the futuro simples is partirei. The gerund is partindo and the participle is partido, and this participle can function both as a verbal value and as an adjective depending on the context. The family of forms shows how the ir-verbs behave in causative structures and in verbal periphrases.

Causative constructions show how Portuguese organizes the relation between who provokes, who authorizes, who commands and who executes the action. Make, order, let, have, put, cause and provoke form a productive set that depends on infinitives, gerunds and participles to build meaning with precision. Recognizing these forms is decisive for reading verbal locutions, interpreting agent participations and understanding differences in use between registers and varieties of Portuguese.