Present Tense in GermanA1
Learn the present tense in German: forms, usage and practice with real examples, exercises, and useful tips for fluent present-tense sentences.
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Prerequisites
Present.
The present describes actions that are happening now, habits, general truths, and near or planned future with time references. It is the basic form for expressing time in German and is used especially frequently in many sentence types. In spoken language, it often replaces Perfekt or Präteritum when an event is vivid or immediate.
Weak verbs.
Weak verbs form the present tense regularly with the verb stem and the personal endings. The ending depends on the person, while the stem remains unchanged. For formation, weak verbs are the most important foundation.
| Personperson. | Formform. | BeispielExample. | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ichI. | |||
| duyou. | |||
| er sie eshe, she, it. | |||
| wirwe. | |||
| ihryou (plural informal). | |||
| sie Sieshe / you (formal). |
S sound.
For many verbs with s, ss, ß, x or z, the du form loses the extra s and ends only in -t. Therefore you say 'du heißt', 'du sitzt', and 'du lernst' not with -st.
| Personperson. | Verbverb. | BeispielExample. | |
|---|---|---|---|
| duyou. | |||
| duyou. | |||
| duyou. |
Strong stem-changing verbs.
Some strong verbs change the stem vowel in the du and er/sie/es forms in the present. Most commonly e changes to i or ie, as well as a to ä. These changes belong to the central irregular present forms and must be learned for each verb individually.
| Personperson. | Verbverb. | BeispielExample. | |
|---|---|---|---|
| duyou. | |||
| er sie eshe, she, it. | |||
| duyou. | |||
| er sie eshe, she, it. | |||
| duyou. | |||
| er sie eshe, she, it. |
Auxiliary verbs.
Auxiliary verbs be, have, and will belong to the most important irregular verbs in the present tense. They often carry grammatical functions in compound tenses and future forms, but in the present tense they also have independent meanings. Their forms should be learned as fixed base forms, as with auxiliary verbs.
| Personperson. | Verbverb. | BeispielExample. | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ichI. | |||
| duyou. | |||
| er sie eshe, she, it. | |||
| wirwe. | |||
| ihryou (plural informal). | |||
| sie Sieshe / you (formal). |
Modal verbs.
Modal verbs show possibility, necessity, wish, or ability and are in the present tense often with an infinitive. They also have their own irregular stem forms and are especially important for sentence construction, as with modal verbs. The most common are können, müssen, dürfen, sollen, wollen and mögen.
| Personperson. | Verbverb. | BeispielExample. | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ichI. | |||
| duyou. | |||
| er sie eshe, she, it. | |||
| wirwe. | |||
| ihryou (plural informal). | |||
| sie Sieshe / you (formal). |
Separable verbs.
Separable verbs appear in the present tense in the main clause with the prefix at the end of the sentence. The verb stem is conjugated normally, while the separable prefix stays in the sentence bracket. This construction is important for main clauses, verb-second position, and the general word order.
| Personperson. | Verbverb. | BeispielExample. | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ichI. | |||
| duyou. | |||
| er sie eshe, she, it. | |||
| wirwe. | |||
| ihryou (plural informal). | |||
| sie Sieshe / you (formal). |
Progressive form.
In spoken German, an ongoing action can be made particularly vivid at the infinitive. This colloquial progressive form is stylistically marked and does not belong to neutral standard writing. It supplements the present tense but does not replace it as the general base form.
| Regionregion. | Wort oder WendungWord or expression. | Regionale DefinitionRegional definition. | BeispielExample. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Die Form beschreibt eine Handlung, die gerade im Verlauf ist, und wirkt umgangssprachlich.The form describes an action that is currently in progress and sounds colloquial. | ||||
| Die Form wird im Alltag genutzt, wenn eine laufende Tätigkeit betont wird.The form is used in everyday life when an ongoing activity is being emphasized. | ||||
| Die Form kann gesprochen sehr natürlich klingen, ist aber stilistisch nicht neutral.The form can sound very natural when spoken, but it is not stylistically neutral. |
tense choice.
The present tense is used not only for the present, but also for habits, general statements, and near-future with time references. For storytelling, it can make events feel vivid and immediate. In spoken language, it is often used where in written German the Präteritum, Perfekt, or Futur I would be used, and it remains the foundation for subordinate clauses as well as many sentence patterns with interrogative sentences.