Common Prepositions in GermanA2
Learn the most common prepositions, their meanings, and correct usage in everyday life. With examples, short exercises, and tips for beginners.
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Overview
Prepositions connect words with nouns, pronouns or parts of a sentence and show relation, direction, place, time or cause. They require a specific case and thus determine the form of the following word. Many prepositions form fixed combinations with verbs or fixed expressions and are used in Prepositional phrases as a common part of a sentence.
Case
Some prepositions are fixed with the accusative, dative or genitive and determine the case of the following noun. Accusative prepositions emphasize destination or directional movement, dative prepositions indicate an existing relationship, and genitive prepositions appear more formal. In spoken language the genitive in some constructions is increasingly replaced by 'von' with dative.
| PräpositionenPrepositions | KasusCase | BedeutungMeaning | BeispielExample | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| für, durch, ohne, umfor, through, without, around | AkkusativAccusative | |||
| mit, nach, bei, seit, von, zuwith, to, at, since, from, to | DativDative | |||
| wegen, trotz, während, stattbecause of, despite, during, instead of | GenitivGenitive |
Two-way prepositions
Two-way prepositions such as in, on, at, over, under, in front of and behind take the accusative with direction and the dative with location or position. The question 'wohin?' leads most often to the accusative, the question 'wo?' to the dative. The spatial distinction is discussed in detail in Two-way prepositions, Prepositions of place and Prepositions of direction.
| IdeaIdea | ExampleExample | |
|---|---|---|
Time and place
Time prepositions such as am, im, um, seit and bis indicate when something happens or how long something lasts. Prepositions of place such as bei, in, an and auf describe local relations and help clearly distinguish places of residence, contact surfaces and surroundings. For location indications, the choice between zu, nach and in is important because they are used differently depending on destination, direction and region; in Swiss German, for some destination indications 'in' is used more often than 'nach' in standard German.
| RegionRegion | Word or PhraseWord or phrase | Regional DefinitionRegional definition | ExampleExample | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| nach wird für Reiseziele und Richtungen zu Orten verwendet.'nach' is used for travel destinations and directions to places. | ||||
| in wird in der Schweiz bei manchen Ortszielen häufiger als nach gebraucht.In Swiss German, 'in' is used more often than 'nach' for some place destinations. | ||||
| zu bezeichnet meist eine Bewegung zu einer Person, Einrichtung oder einem Zielpunkt.'zu' usually denotes movement toward a person, institution or destination. |
Verbs with prepositions
Many verbs require a fixed preposition, and the combination must be learned as a whole. These include warten auf, denken an and sich freuen über, where the preposition cannot be freely chosen. Such fixed collocations are closely related to the [Constructs with Prepositions] and belong to the area of [Idiomatic prepositions].
| IdeaIdea | ExampleExample | |
|---|---|---|
Fixed expressions
Some prepositional phrases are fixed and learned as a whole, for example auf Grund, trotz allem and zu Hause. Such expressions can be more idiomatic in meaning and use than freely formed combinations. Especially with fixed expressions, usual language use matters more than a literal translation.
| IdeaIdea | ExampleExample | |
|---|---|---|
Word order
Prepositional phrases typically stand close to the word they modify, and often before or after the verb part, depending on sentence type and information structure. In a sentence they remain recognizable as a closed unit, even if the verb is separated in separable or compound forms. This makes it easy to assign the preposition and its reference in the sentence, especially in longer sentences.