Learn the most common prepositions, their meanings, and correct usage in everyday life. With examples, short exercises, and tips for beginners.

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Prepositions connect words with nouns, pronouns or parts of a sentence and show relation, direction, place, time or cause. They require a specific case and thus determine the form of the following word. Many prepositions form fixed combinations with verbs or fixed expressions and are used in Prepositional phrases as a common part of a sentence.

Some prepositions are fixed with the accusative, dative or genitive and determine the case of the following noun. Accusative prepositions emphasize destination or directional movement, dative prepositions indicate an existing relationship, and genitive prepositions appear more formal. In spoken language the genitive in some constructions is increasingly replaced by 'von' with dative.

PräpositionenPrepositionsKasusCaseBedeutungMeaningBeispielExample
für, durch, ohne, umfor, through, without, aroundAkkusativAccusative🧭Ziel oder betroffene RichtungDestination or affected direction🎁Ich kaufe ein Geschenk für meine Schwester.I buy a gift for my sister.
mit, nach, bei, seit, von, zuwith, to, at, since, from, toDativDative🤝bestehende Beziehung oder Lageexisting relationship or situation🚆Wir fahren mit dem Zug nach Berlin.We travel by train to Berlin.
wegen, trotz, während, stattbecause of, despite, during, instead ofGenitivGenitive📚formelle Beziehung oder Begründungformal relationship or justification🌧️Wegen des Regens bleiben wir zu Hause.Because of the rain we stay at home.

Two-way prepositions such as in, on, at, over, under, in front of and behind take the accusative with direction and the dative with location or position. The question 'wohin?' leads most often to the accusative, the question 'wo?' to the dative. The spatial distinction is discussed in detail in Two-way prepositions, Prepositions of place and Prepositions of direction.

IdeaIdeaExampleExample
🚪Die Präposition in steht mit Akkusativ bei Bewegung.The preposition 'in' takes the accusative with movement.🚶Ich gehe in das Zimmer.I go into the room.
🏠Die Präposition in steht mit Dativ bei einem Ort.The preposition 'in' takes the dative with a location.🙂Ich bin in dem Zimmer.I am in the room.
🎯Die Präposition auf steht mit Akkusativ bei Zielbewegung.The preposition 'auf' takes the accusative for destination movement.📘Er legt das Buch auf den Tisch.He puts the book on the table.
🪑Die Präposition auf steht mit Dativ bei Position.The preposition 'auf' takes the dative with position.📘Das Buch liegt auf dem Tisch.The book is on the table.

Time prepositions such as am, im, um, seit and bis indicate when something happens or how long something lasts. Prepositions of place such as bei, in, an and auf describe local relations and help clearly distinguish places of residence, contact surfaces and surroundings. For location indications, the choice between zu, nach and in is important because they are used differently depending on destination, direction and region; in Swiss German, for some destination indications 'in' is used more often than 'nach' in standard German.

RegionRegionWord or PhraseWord or phraseRegional DefinitionRegional definitionExampleExample
🗺️StandarddeutschStandard German➡️nachtonach wird für Reiseziele und Richtungen zu Orten verwendet.'nach' is used for travel destinations and directions to places.🚄Ich fahre nach Köln, weil dort meine Freunde wohnen.I travel to Cologne because my friends live there.
🏔️SchweizSwitzerland➡️ininin wird in der Schweiz bei manchen Ortszielen häufiger als nach gebraucht.In Swiss German, 'in' is used more often than 'nach' for some place destinations.🚋Wir fahren in Zürich, weil wir dort umsteigen.We are going to Zurich because we have to change there.
🏡AlltagsspracheEveryday language➡️zutozu bezeichnet meist eine Bewegung zu einer Person, Einrichtung oder einem Zielpunkt.'zu' usually denotes movement toward a person, institution or destination.👭Ich gehe zu meiner Schwester, weil sie mich erwartet.I go to my sister because she is expecting me.

Many verbs require a fixed preposition, and the combination must be learned as a whole. These include warten auf, denken an and sich freuen über, where the preposition cannot be freely chosen. Such fixed collocations are closely related to the [Constructs with Prepositions] and belong to the area of [Idiomatic prepositions].

IdeaIdeaExampleExample
⏳Das Verb warten verlangt die Präposition auf.The verb warten requires the preposition auf.🚌Wir warten auf den Bus.We are waiting for the bus.
🧠Das Verb denken verlangt die Präposition an.The verb denken requires the preposition an.👨‍👩‍👧Ich denke an meine Familie.I think of my family.
😄Das Verb sich freuen verlangt die Präposition über.The verb sich freuen requires the preposition über.📬Sie freut sich über die Nachricht.She is happy about the news.

Some prepositional phrases are fixed and learned as a whole, for example auf Grund, trotz allem and zu Hause. Such expressions can be more idiomatic in meaning and use than freely formed combinations. Especially with fixed expressions, usual language use matters more than a literal translation.

IdeaIdeaExampleExample
🧩Die Wendung auf Grund ist fest gebraucht.The expression auf Grund is fixed.🌦️Auf Grund des Wetters bleibt das Fest klein.Because of the weather, the festival remains small.
💪Die Wendung trotz allem drückt einen Gegensatz aus.The expression trotz allem expresses a contrast.😌Trotz allem bleibt sie ruhig.Despite everything, she remains calm.
🏡Die Wendung zu Hause beschreibt den Aufenthaltsort.The expression zu Hause describes the place of stay.🛋️Ich bin zu Hause, weil ich heute frei habe.I am at home because I have today off.

Prepositional phrases typically stand close to the word they modify, and often before or after the verb part, depending on sentence type and information structure. In a sentence they remain recognizable as a closed unit, even if the verb is separated in separable or compound forms. This makes it easy to assign the preposition and its reference in the sentence, especially in longer sentences.

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Last updated: Mon Jun 1, 2026, 3:45 AM