Explore prepositional phrases, learn patterns, and use them confidently in sentences. Practice with examples, exercises, and helpful tips.

What translations are avaliable?
What modules are required?

Prepositional phrases consist of a preposition and a noun phrase or a pronoun. They name relationships such as location, time, manner, or reason and often appear as adverbial modifiers in a sentence. In form, the word agrees with the preposition and with the case of the following word group.

Prepositional phrases can express local, temporal, modal or causal relationships. They answer questions about location, time, manner and cause and are often more precise for sentence meaning than a single adverb. For local and directional indications the differences between Prepositions of Place, Prepositions of Direction and Prepositions of Time are especially important.

IdeeIdeaBeispielExample
📍Lokale Präpositionalphrasen nennen einen Ort oder eine räumliche Lage.Local prepositional phrases name a location or a spatial position.📍Das Buch liegt auf dem Tisch.The book lies on the table.
🕒Temporale Präpositionalphrasen nennen einen Zeitpunkt oder Zeitraum.Temporal prepositional phrases name a point in time or a period.🕒Wir treffen uns am Abend.We meet in the evening.
🎭Modale Präpositionalphrasen nennen eine Art oder Weise.Modal prepositional phrases name a manner.🎭Sie spricht mit großer Ruhe.She speaks with great calm.
❓Kausale Präpositionalphrasen nennen einen Grund oder eine Ursache.Causal prepositional phrases name a reason or cause.❓Wegen des Regens bleiben wir zu Hause.Because of the rain we stay at home.

Many prepositions require a fixed case, i.e., dative, accusative or genitive. The case belongs to the preposition and determines the form of the noun phrase. For two-way prepositions, the meaning of location or direction determines whether Dative or Accusative is used; see also the module Two-way prepositions.

IdeeIdeaBeispielExample
📘Eine Präposition kann den Dativ verlangen.A preposition can require the dative.📘mit dem Freundwith the friend
🎯Eine Präposition kann den Akkusativ verlangen.A preposition can require the accusative.🎯für den Planfor the plan
🏛️Eine Präposition kann den Genitiv verlangen.A preposition can require the genitive.🏛️trotz des Wettersdespite the weather
🔄Wechselpräpositionen wählen je nach Bedeutung Dativ oder Akkusativ.Two-way prepositions choose dative or accusative depending on meaning.🔄an dem Tisch und an den Tischat the table and to the table

Prepositional phrases frequently serve as adverbial modifiers and less often as direct object substitutions. They can also occur as complements of verbs, adjectives or nouns and thereby form necessary or tightly bound parts of the sentence. For fixed constructions with verbs, the module [Constructs with Prepositions] is especially relevant.

IdeeIdeaBeispielExample
🧩Eine Präpositionalphrase kann eine adverbiale Bestimmung sein.A prepositional phrase can be an adverbial modifier.🧩Er wartet vor dem Haus.He waits in front of the house.
🔗Eine Präpositionalphrase kann eine Ergänzung sein.A prepositional phrase can be a complement.🔗Sie denkt an ihre Prüfung.She thinks about her exam.
🏷️Eine Präpositionalphrase kann ein Attribut sein.A prepositional phrase can be an attribute.🏷️der Mann mit dem Hut.the man with the hat.
🎯Eine Präpositionalphrase ersetzt nur selten ein Objekt.A prepositional phrase rarely replaces an object.🎯Auf diesen Satz folgt keine Objektfunktion.This sentence does not carry an object function.

Within the noun phrase, articles and endings must match the preposition and the case. Pronouns in prepositional phrases likewise show the correct case form and thus follow the same grammatical logic as other sentence elements. In colloquial language, fixed expressions are often shortened, for example into the cinema.

IdeeIdeaBeispielExample
🪶Der Artikel passt sich dem Kasus an.The article agrees with the case.🪶auf dem Tischon the table
📎Auch die Deklination innerhalb der Nominalphrase muss stimmen.The declension within the noun phrase must also be correct.📎mit einer alten Freundinwith an old friend
🗣️Umgangssprache kürzt häufig eine Präposition mit Artikel.Colloquial speech often shortens a preposition with an article.🗣️ins Kinointo the cinema
🧾Ein Pronomen kann die Nominalphrase ersetzen.A pronoun can replace the noun phrase.🧾mit ihmwith him

There are fixed expressions that do not entirely follow the general case rules and therefore must be learned as idiomatic prepositions. Additionally, regional variants can influence the preferred preposition or form, for example in Switzerland, Austria or the southern German-speaking region. Prepositional phrases can also be omitted or fronted in a sentence, thereby changing style and emphasis.

RegionRegionWort oder WendungWord or PhraseRegionale DefinitionRegional DefinitionBeispielExample
🇩🇪DACHDACH💬feste Wendungfixed expressionDie Bedeutung ist als Einheit gespeichert und folgt nicht immer einer normalen Kasusregel.The meaning is stored as a unit and does not always follow a normal case rule.💬Er hat Angst vor dem Hund, weil er laut bellt.He is afraid of the dog, because it barks loudly.
🇨🇭SchweizSwitzerland📌PräferenzPreferenceIn der Standardsprache können bestimmte Präpositionen oder Formen anders bevorzugt werden als in Deutschland.In standard language certain prepositions or forms may be preferred differently than in Germany.📌Ich gehe ins Kino, weil ich frei habe.I'm going to the cinema because I am free.
🇦🇹ÖsterreichAustria📍VarianteVariantIn Österreich sind bei manchen Verbindungen andere Präpositionen oder Formulierungen üblich.In Austria some combinations use different prepositions or formulations.📍Wir treffen uns in der Woche, weil es passt.We meet during the week because it fits.
🌍StilStyle✨VoranstellungFrontingEine vorangestellte Präpositionalphrase rückt die Information in den Fokus.A fronted prepositional phrase brings the information into focus.✨Im Garten wartet schon jemand, weil es still ist.In the garden, someone is already waiting, because it is quiet.

Prepositional phrases connect a preposition with an appropriate word group and thereby create precise relationships between the sentence parts. Their meaning, their case and their position in the sentence are closely linked and determine whether they express location, time, manner, reason or a fixed complement. Those who recognize and form prepositional phrases confidently lay a solid foundation for the following areas such as directions, location information and fixed connections with prepositions.

Take the Quiz!

Prerequisites

Complementary Modules

Go Loco

Learn a language for free!

All content was written by our AI and may contain a few mistakes.

Last updated: Mon Jun 1, 2026, 3:45 AM