WeatherA1
Vous pourrez bientôt décrire le ciel, annoncer la pluie et parler de la température avec naturel. Commencez par la première unité pour dire quel temps il fait aujourd’hui.
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Understanding the weather
For talking about the weather, we often use very short and very common words like nice weather, bad weather, cold and hot. In everyday life, we talk about the weather outside at the moment: it’s nice out, it’s gray, it’s raining. In a bulletin, we also describe the evolution of the day, tomorrow or the weekend. The vocabulary of the weather is therefore used to describe the sky, the temperature and the visible phenomena. To name what we see in nature, the courses on Landscapes, Seasons and Animals give a good context.
Sun and sky
When the sky is bright, we say sunny or full sun. A clear sky has almost no clouds. If there are a few clouds without real coverage, we say a few clouds or partly cloudy. A cloudy sky is covered with clouds, and a overcast sky lets little of the blue show. Sunny spells are moments when the clouds dissipate and the sun reappears. We can say: The morning is cloudy, then there are sunny spells in the afternoon. The word sky also appears in simple expressions like the blue sky or the gray sky.
| Word | Definition | |
|---|---|---|
| Water that fell as white flakes | ||
| A small piece of snow that falls from the sky | ||
| A cold enough to freeze water | ||
| A very slippery layer of ice on the ground | ||
| A thin layer of white crystals on cold surfaces | ||
| A small shiver of the body caused by the cold | ||
| An air very, very cold | ||
| An interjection to show one is very cold | ||
| A warm hat to protect the head from the cold | ||
| A long warm fabric around the neck |
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Rain and showers
The rain is said rain. A light and fine rain is often called drizzle. A shower is a short and intense rain, often sudden. When the rain falls very hard, we talk about heavy rain or rain pounding. The most common verb is to rain: It is raining or It will rain. When several short episodes are announced, we often say showers. In everyday language, one easily distinguishes a continuous rain, a fast shower and drizzle that is almost invisible.
Snow, cold and frost
The snow falls when the air is sufficiently cold. We say it is snowing to describe this situation. The frost appears when the temperature drops below zero and water freezes on surfaces. Ice is a thin layer of ice on the road or the sidewalk. We also talk about frost when small white crystals cover the ground, the windows or the plants. To say it is very cold, we use frigid or a sharp cold. In a simple sentence, one can say: It is freezing this morning and the roads are slippery.
| Word | Definition | |
|---|---|---|
| De l’eau tombée sous forme de flocons blancs | ||
| Un petit morceau de neige qui tombe du ciel | ||
| Un froid assez fort pour durcir l eau | ||
| Une couche de glace très glissante sur le sol | ||
| Une fine couche de cristaux blancs sur les surfaces froides | ||
| Un petit tremblement du corps causé par le froid | ||
| Un air très très froid | ||
| Une interjection pour montrer qu on a très froid | ||
| Un chapeau chaud pour protéger la tête du froid | ||
| Un long tissu chaud autour du cou |
Wind and storm
The wind is the movement of the air. A light wind can be pleasant, but gusts are sudden and stronger gusts. When the wind blows a lot, we say there’s wind or it’s blowing hard. A storm often combines strong wind and heavy rain, sometimes with thunder. At sea, one also encounters the word squall for a sudden gust of wind. Weather descriptions often use a progression: light wind, then strong wind, then storm. The words change according to the intensity, not just the presence of wind.
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Talking about temperature
The temperature is spoken of with degrees. We often read 10 degrees, 0 degree or -3 degrees. With a higher value, we say it’s 25 degrees; with a lower value, it’s 2 degrees. More than indicates a higher temperature: more than 30 degrees. Less than indicates a lower temperature: less than 5 degrees. To talk about how it feels, we also use hot, lukewarm, cool and cold. These words are useful in simple conversations as well as in a weather bulletin: Tomorrow, it will be more than 20 degrees, but the morning will stay cool.
| Usage | Explanation | |
|---|---|---|
| On utilise les degrés pour donner une mesure exacte de la chaleur ou du froid | ||
| On emploie plus de pour dire qu une valeur dépasse une autre | ||
| On emploie moins de pour dire qu une valeur est inférieure à une autre | ||
| On parle de plus chaud quand la température monte par rapport à un autre moment | ||
| On parle de plus froid quand la température baisse par rapport à un autre moment | ||
| On utilise il fait pour décrire la sensation générale du temps | ||
| On dit moins zéro dans certains contextes familiers pour marquer une température négative | ||
| On peut dire très chaud pour insister sur une température élevée | ||
| On peut dire très froid pour insister sur une température basse | ||
| On emploie ça monte ou ça descend pour parler d une évolution de température |
Formulas for the weather
To talk about the weather, we mainly use impersonal phrases. The most frequent is it is + adjective or noun: it is nice, it is cold, it is windy. With rain and snow, we say it rains and it snows. To signal a presence, we also use there is + noun: there is fog, there are clouds. When a phenomenon can appear, we say there can be + noun: there can be showers. These structures stay the same regardless of the subject, because we are talking about the weather in general, not about a person.
| Idea | |
|---|---|
Regional variations
In some French-speaking regions, we do not always choose the same words. For very fine rain, drizzle is very common in standard French, but other regions more spontaneously use light rain or local expressions. To talk about the cold, some say more often frost in a literary register, while everyday conversation keeps cold, frost and ice. For wind or the weather of the day, the vocabulary remains largely common, but language habits change depending on the country, the city and the level of formality. In simple discussion, the meaning remains clear if one uses the most frequent words: rain, snow, wind, cold and storm.
| Region | Variant | Definition | Example | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| bruine | In France, drizzle designates a very fine and light rain | En Bretagne, la bruine colle doucement aux lunettesIn Brittany, the drizzle clings softly to the glasses | ||
| drache | In Belgium, downpour designates a very heavy and abundant rain | Une drache arrive et les parapluies font la queueA downpour arrives and the umbrellas line up | ||
| blizzard | In Quebec, blizzard designates a large snowstorm with wind | Le blizzard cache le banc du parc en cinq secondesThe blizzard hides the park bench in five seconds | ||
| bise | In Switzerland, north wind designates a cold and dry wind | La bise traverse la vallée et pince les jouesThe north wind crosses the valley and nips the cheeks | ||
| tempête | In France, storm remains a common word for a strong gust of wind and rain | La tempête secoue les volets comme des castagnettesThe storm shakes the shutters like castanets | ||
| frette | In Quebec, very cold is informal and means very cold | Il fait frette et le café se dépêche de fumerIt is very cold and the coffee rushes to smoke | ||
| drache nationale | In Belgium, national downpour is a humorous expression for a rain abundant on a holiday | La drache nationale accompagne les mouettes très sérieusesThe national downpour accompanies the very serious seagulls | ||
| temps couvert | In Switzerland, overcast is a common way to say cloudy sky | Le temps couvert invite les montagnes à bâillerThe overcast invites the mountains to yawn | ||
| averse | In France, shower designates a short and sudden rain | Une averse surprend le marchand de glacesA shower surprises the ice cream vendor | ||
| bordée de neige | In Quebec, snowfall designates a heavy snowfall | Une bordée de neige enferme les bottes au pas de la porteA snowfall confines the boots at the doorstep |
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Vous pouvez maintenant décrire les phénomènes météo, mesurer la température et choisir les bonnes formules dans une conversation ou un bulletin. Pour élargir vos descriptions de la nature, continuez avec Paysages, puis explorez Saisons et Animaux.
Complementary Modules