The seasons of the year are spring, summer, autumn and winter. They are used to talk about the weather, the clothes you wear, and the plans you make. In an everyday conversation, you can say that a city is in spring or that a trip will be in winter. They also come up a lot when you talk about outdoor activities, agriculture and nature. If you want to expand that topic, the vocabulary of Weather goes very well with these words.

Spring usually brings flowers, green trees and pleasant days. In the countryside, parks and gardens, people talk about flowers, butterflies and strolls under the sun. Summer is related to heat, sun, beach and vacations. It is used to describe long days, light clothing and activities such as swimming or traveling. In many places, it is also the season of the most school breaks and family plans. To better describe those landscapes and scenes, Landscapes offers very useful words.

florprimaveraveranosolvacacionesdía largopiscinafrutaplayacalor

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Es un lugar junto al mar donde se va a descansar o jugarEs un lugar con agua donde la gente nada o se refrescaEs un tiempo de descanso sin clase ni trabajo normalEs una parte de la planta que suele tener colores vivos y perfumeEs la sensación de temperatura alta que hace buscar sombra y aguaEs la estación en la que aparecen muchas flores y el clima empieza a ser más suaveEs un día con más horas de luz que otros díasEs la estrella que da luz y calor durante el díaEs un alimento que crece en plantas y árboles y suele ser dulceEs la estación en la que hace más calor y muchas personas descansan en la playa

Spring and Summer Vocabulary

Word	Definition
primavera	Is the season in which many flowers appear and the weather starts to be gentler.
verano	Is the season in which it's hotter and many people rest at the beach.
flor	Is a part of the plant that usually has vivid colors and fragrance.
calor	Is the sensation of high temperature that makes you look for shade and water.
playa	Is a place by the sea where you go to rest or play.
vacaciones	Is a time of rest without class or normal work.
sol	Is the star that gives light and heat during the day.
piscina	Is a place with water where people swim or cool off.
fruta	Is a food that grows on plants and trees and is usually sweet.
día largo	Is a day with more hours of light than other days.

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Autumn is the season of the fallen leaves, the cooler air and days that begin to shorten. It is associated with trees changing color, rain and warmer clothing. Winter brings cold, snow in some places and garments like coat, scarf and gloves. In this season people talk about chimneys, frosts and dark mornings. When you want to name parts of nature that change with the cold, the vocabulary of Plants fits very well.

chimeneaabrigootoñolluviahojatazainviernobufandafríonieve

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Es la estación en la que hace más frío y muchas personas usan abrigoEs una prenda de ropa que protege del fríoEs un recipiente donde se bebe una bebida calienteEs la sensación de temperatura baja que hace buscar ropa más abrigadaEs una tira de tela que cubre el cuello para dar calorEs un lugar por donde sale el humo y a veces calienta la casaEs el agua que cae de las nubesEs la estación en la que caen muchas hojas y el aire cambiaEs la parte de la planta que suele caer en otoñoEs el agua congelada que cae en copos blancos

Vocabulary of Autumn and Winter

Word	Definition
otoño	It is the season in which many leaves fall and the air changes.
invierno	It is the season in which it is colder and many people wear a coat.
hoja	It is the part of the plant that usually falls in autumn.
frío	It is the feeling of low temperature that makes you reach for warmer clothes.
nieve	It is the frozen water that falls in white flakes.
abrigo	It is a garment that protects from the cold.
bufanda	It is a strip of fabric that covers the neck to keep warm.
lluvia	It is the water that falls from the clouds.
chimenea	It is a place through which the smoke comes out and sometimes warms the house.
taza	It is a container where a hot drink is sipped.

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The usual order is Spring, Summer, Autumn and Winter. After Winter comes Spring again and the cycle starts over. You can relate them to specific months depending on the country, because they do not start on the same date in all places. In general, Spring is associated with the passage from cold to heat, Summer with higher temperatures, Autumn with the drop in temperature and Winter with the coldest period of the year.

Order of the seasons throughout the year

Usage	Explanation
Start of the annual cycle	Use spring to talk about the season that usually opens the cycle of changes in the year.
Second season of the cycle	Use summer to talk about the season that comes after spring and brings more heat.
Third season of the cycle	Use autumn to talk about the season that comes after summer and signals more fallen leaves.
Last season of the cycle	Use winter to talk about the season that closes the cycle before returning to spring.
Relation to the months	This idea is used to say that each season gathers several months and organizes the calendar.
Change of weather	Use this relation to explain that the seasons gradually change the weather.
Complete sequence	Use to name the entire order of the four seasons without skipping any.
Annual repetition	Use to remember that the seasons return each year in the same order.

When the season changes, many signals of the surroundings change. The longer days announce the arrival of Summer or Spring. Frequent rain can indicate Autumn. Snow, frosts and very cold air usually indicate Winter. Trees, clothing, the light at the end of the day and the activity of some animals also change. These signals allow talking about the weather and daily life with precision.

cielo grislluviasvientotermómetrocambio de estaciónnubesombrilladía más cortochaquetadía más largo

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Es un cielo que se ve cubierto y sin sol claroEs un objeto que da sombra en días de mucho solSon periodos en los que llueve con frecuenciaEs el momento en que una estación termina y empieza otraEs un día con más tiempo de luzEs una prenda ligera que sirve para abrigarse un pocoEs un día con menos horas de luzEs un instrumento que mide la temperaturaEs el aire en movimiento que se siente en la cara y mueve cosasEs una masa de vapor en el cielo que a veces anuncia lluvia

Vocabulary of Signals of Seasonal Change

Word	Definition
cambio de estación	It is the moment when one season ends and another begins.
día más largo	It is a day with more daylight.
día más corto	It is a day with fewer hours of light.
lluvias	They are periods in which it rains frequently.
nube	It is a mass of vapor in the sky that sometimes signals rain.
viento	It is the moving air that you feel on the face and it moves things.
termómetro	It is an instrument that measures temperature.
chaqueta	It is a light garment that is good for warming up a little.
sombrilla	It is an object that provides shade on sunny days.
cielo gris	It is a sky that looks overcast and without clear sun.

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With the seasons, many expressions use the preposition in. You say in Spring, in Summer, in Autumn and in Winter. Also during appears to indicate a broader period, such as during the summer or during the winter. To talk about plans, it is common to use phrases like vamos a la playa en verano or we travel in winter. If you talk about customs, you can say in Spring the trees bloom or in Autumn it rains more.

Common Phrases with Seasons

Usage	Explanation
In a particular season	Use in spring to talk about something that happens during that season.
Duration of a season	Use during the summer to talk about something that happens throughout the whole season.
Winter time frame	Use in winter to place an action within the cold season.
Seasonal preference	Use this structure to say that one season is liked more than another.
Typical activity	Use to talk about what is usually done in a season.
Plan change due to weather	Use to explain that the season changes the plans.
Description of the weather	Use to talk about how the weather is in a season.
Comparison between seasons	Use to compare two different seasons.

In many tropical countries, the seasons are named less in daily life because the climate changes little during the year. There people talk more about rainy season and dry season than about four marked seasons. In some areas of Latin America, fall is used for Autumn. Context decides which word sounds more natural. In regions with very marked seasons, however, Spring, Summer, Autumn and Winter are part of the everyday climate and yearly plans vocabulary.

otoñoprimaverainviernotemporada de lluviasotoñoveranoestación secacaída

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Es la palabra usada para hablar de la estación de las flores y el clima suaveEs una forma de hablar de un periodo con muchas lluvias en clima tropicalEs la palabra usada para nombrar la estación más cálida del añoEs la forma más común para nombrar la estación entre verano e inviernoEs una forma muy útil para hablar de periodos con poca lluvia en zonas tropicalesEs una forma que algunas personas usan para hablar de la estación de las hojas que caenEs la palabra habitual para hablar de la estación posterior al veranoEs la palabra común para nombrar la estación más fría del año

Regional Variants about the Seasons

Region	Variant	Definition	Example
Mexico	otoño	It is the most common way to name the season between summer and winter.	En otoño las hojas se vuelven muy fotogénicas.In autumn the leaves become very photogenic.
Colombia	estación seca	It is a very useful way to talk about periods with little rain in tropical areas.	En la estación seca el cielo parece recién planchado.In the dry season the sky seems freshly ironed.
Argentina	caída	It is a form some people use to talk about the season of falling leaves.	En la caída las veredas se llenan de hojas traviesas.In the fall sidewalks fill with mischievous leaves.
Spain	otoño	It is the usual word to talk about the season after summer.	En otoño el abrigo sale de paseo otra vez.In autumn the coat comes out for another walk.
Chile	invierno	It is the common word to name the coldest season of the year.	En invierno el té llega antes que yo a la mesa.In winter tea arrives at the table before me.
Peru	verano	It is the word used to name the warmest season of the year.	En verano la playa parece una fiesta con sombrero.In summer the beach seems like a party with a hat.
Uruguay	primavera	It is the word used to talk about the season of flowers and gentle weather.	En primavera hasta las bicicletas parecen cantar.In spring even bicycles seem to sing.
Philippines	temporada de lluvias	It is a way of talking about a period with a lot of rain in tropical climate.	En la temporada de lluvias los paraguas trabajan sin descanso.In the monsoon season umbrellas work non-stop.

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