A trail is a path for walking in nature. People go hiking on a trail, usually in the hills, mountains, or forest. For a day hike, people often wear boots with strong soles and carry a backpack with food, an extra layer, and a water bottle. At night, people camp in the open air or in a camp area. They pitch a tent before dark, then cook a meal on a stove or fire. People often roast food like marshmallows over the fire. The main actions go with clear objects: hike a trail, carry a backpack, drink from a water bottle, pitch a tent, cook dinner, and roast marshmallows.

bootsbackpackpitch a tentroastcooktrailwater bottlecamphike

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A backpack is a bag you carry on your backTo cook means to prepare food using heatBoots are strong shoes for rough groundA water bottle is a container for drinking waterA trail is a path for walking in natureTo hike means to walk for exercise or pleasure in the outdoorsTo pitch a tent means to put up a tentA camp is a place where people stay outdoors for a night or moreTo roast means to cook food over heat or an open fire

Common hiking and camping gear words

Word	Definition
trail	A trail is a path for walking in nature.
boots	Boots are strong shoes for rough ground.
backpack	A backpack is a bag you carry on your back.
water bottle	A water bottle is a container for drinking water.
camp	A camp is a place where people stay outdoors for a night or more.
pitch a tent	To pitch a tent means to put up a tent.
cook	To cook means to prepare food using heat.
roast	To roast means to cook food over heat or an open fire.
hike	To hike means to walk for exercise or pleasure in the outdoors.

Scramble

Rock climbing means climbing natural rock, usually outdoors. Bouldering is climbing on short rock walls or large rocks without ropes, close to the ground but still very physical. In climbing, a harness goes around the waist and legs, a helmet protects the head, and ropes help keep the climber safe on taller routes. A climber ties into the rope and climbs with a partner below. The basic gear words often appear together: wear a helmet, put on a harness, clip into ropes. For more sports words, see Team Sports, where many action words work differently.

rock climbingboulderingbelaywallhelmetropeharnessgrip

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A grip is a place to hold with your hand or footA wall is a climbing surface made by people or natureA rope is a strong cord used for safety and supportA harness is a safety strap that supports a climberBouldering is climbing short rocks or walls without ropesRock climbing is climbing on natural rock surfacesA helmet is protective head gearTo belay means to hold the rope and help keep a climber safe

Main climbing types and equipment words

Word	Definition
rock climbing	Rock climbing is climbing on natural rock surfaces.
bouldering	Bouldering is climbing short rocks or walls without ropes.
harness	A harness is a safety strap that supports a climber.
helmet	A helmet is protective head gear.
rope	A rope is a strong cord used for safety and support.
belay	To belay means to hold the rope and help keep a climber safe.
wall	A wall is a climbing surface made by people or nature.
grip	A grip is a place to hold with your hand or foot.

Scramble

A bike is another word for bicycle. When you ride a bike, you wear a helmet and often use a cycling path or bike lane. The handlebars are the bar at the front that you hold to steer. Gears help the bike move more easily uphill or faster on flat roads. For running, people jog at an easy speed and sprint when they run very fast for a short distance. A route is the path you follow, and a track is a marked place for running laps. Pace describes how fast someone runs or cycles. Common patterns are ride a bike, follow a route, run on a track, and keep a steady pace.

bikehandlebarsgearpacetrackcycling pathroutesprinthelmetjog

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To jog means to run at a slow steady speedTo sprint means to run very fast for a short timeA bike is a vehicle with two wheels that you rideHandlebars are the part you hold to steer a bikeA gear is a setting that makes pedaling easier or harderA helmet is protective head gear for riding or sportsA pace is the speed at which you move or runA cycling path is a road or lane for bikesA track is a marked path for running or racingA route is the path you follow to get somewhere

Key cycling and running words

Word	Definition
bike	A bike is a vehicle with two wheels that you ride.
helmet	A helmet is protective head gear for riding or sports.
cycling path	A cycling path is a road or lane for bikes.
gear	A gear is a setting that makes pedaling easier or harder.
handlebars	Handlebars are the part you hold to steer a bike.
jog	To jog means to run at a slow steady speed.
sprint	To sprint means to run very fast for a short time.
route	A route is the path you follow to get somewhere.
track	A track is a marked path for running or racing.
pace	A pace is the speed at which you move or run.

Scramble

In a kayak or canoe, you move with a paddle. A kayak is usually narrow and often used alone, while a canoe is often wider and may hold more than one person. On a river, safety matters, so many people wear a life jacket. Fishing uses special tools. A rod is the long pole you hold. You put bait on a hook, and the fishing line connects the hook to the rod. Many people keep small tools in a tackle box. The usual combinations are cast a line, use bait, set the hook, and carry a tackle box.

baittackle boxfishing linerodpaddlelife jacketriverhook

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A tackle box is a box for fishing tools and small itemsA life jacket is a vest that helps a person float safelyA fishing line is the thin cord that connects the rod and hookA river is a long stream of moving waterA paddle is a short tool used to move a boatBait is food used to attract fishA rod is a long flexible stick used for fishingA hook is a curved metal piece that catches fish

Words for paddling and fishing activities

Word	Definition
paddle	A paddle is a short tool used to move a boat.
life jacket	A life jacket is a vest that helps a person float safely.
river	A river is a long stream of moving water.
rod	A rod is a long flexible stick used for fishing.
bait	Bait is food used to attract fish.
hook	A hook is a curved metal piece that catches fish.
fishing line	A fishing line is the thin cord that connects the rod and hook.
tackle box	A tackle box is a box for fishing tools and small items.

Scramble

Outdoor team sports often use a ball or disc. In soccer, players kick the ball. In frisbee, players throw a flying disc. In softball, players hit a ball with a bat and run around the bases. In volleyball, players hit the ball over a net. Winter sports take place on snow or ice. People ski down snowy slopes, snowboard on a board, ice skate on frozen ice, and go sledding on a sled. These words often pair with the activity: play soccer, play frisbee, play softball, play volleyball, go skiing, go snowboarding, go ice skating, and go sledding. For more on these kinds of activities, see Team Sports.

sleddingsoccerfrisbeesoftballsnowboardingice skatingskiingvolleyball

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A frisbee is a light plastic disc you throw to othersSledding is riding down snow on a sledVolleyball is a team sport where players hit a ball over a netSoftball is a game like baseball with a larger ballSoccer is a team sport played with a ball and feetSnowboarding is going down snow on one boardSkiing is moving over snow on skisIce skating is moving on ice with special shoes

Outdoor team sports and winter activity words

Word	Definition
soccer	Soccer is a team sport played with a ball and feet.
frisbee	A frisbee is a light plastic disc you throw to others.
softball	Softball is a game like baseball with a larger ball.
volleyball	Volleyball is a team sport where players hit a ball over a net.
skiing	Skiing is moving over snow on skis.
snowboarding	Snowboarding is going down snow on one board.
ice skating	Ice skating is moving on ice with special shoes.
sledding	Sledding is riding down snow on a sled.

Scramble

Outdoor activity words often follow a few clear patterns. Use go with many activities that do not have a ball or direct competition: go hiking, go cycling, go skiing, go kayaking. Use play with games and team sports: play soccer, play volleyball, play frisbee. Use do with some activities that are treated like exercise or training: do climbing, do yoga, do gymnastics. The verb changes the phrase, but the activity word stays the same. You can also say try climbing when someone is starting the activity for the first time, or go for a hike when the outing is the main plan. Common sentence patterns are go + activity, play + sport, do + activity, and try + activity.

Common sport phrase patterns and forms

Usage	Explanation
Go plus activity	Use go with many outdoor activities that end in ing to talk about doing them for fun or exercise.
Play plus game	Use play with team sports and ball games to say that someone takes part in the game.
Do plus activity	Use do with some sports and exercise activities when the activity is treated as a general practice.
Try plus activity	Use try when you want to say that someone is testing a new sport or activity.
Sport with go	Use go for activities that are often done outdoors or as motion based hobbies.
Sport with play	Use play for sports with rules, teams, or a ball in many common everyday expressions.
Sport with do	Use do for sports and exercise where the activity itself is the main focus.
Steady pace	Use pace to talk about the speed you keep during a sport or workout.