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Table of Contents

• Nouns

  French nouns are words that name people, places, things, or ideas. They have gender (masculine or feminine) and number (singular or plural), and they determine article and adjective forms.

  • Gender

    Gender is a fundamental aspect of French grammar that classifies nouns as either masculine or feminine. Understanding gender is essential for correct article usage, adjective agreement, and overall sentence structure.

  • Plurals

    French plurals: how to form plural nouns and articles in French, including regular rules, common exceptions, and examples.

  • Gender Agreement

    Gender agreement in French is the grammatical rule that requires adjectives, articles, and some pronouns to match the gender (masculine or feminine) of the nouns they describe. French nouns are either masculine or feminine, and this inherent gender affects how other words in the sentence change their form.

  • Noun-Adjective Agreement

    Noun-adjective agreement in French ensures that adjectives match the gender and number of the nouns they describe. Understanding this rule is key to writing and speaking correctly.

  • Articles

    French articles are words that introduce nouns and indicate their gender, number, and definiteness or indefiniteness. This covers definite, indefinite, and partitive articles.

    • Definite Articles

      Definite articles in French express “the” for specific nouns (le, la, l’, les). They agree in gender and number, and are used before known or general items.

    • Indefinite Articles

      French indefinite articles and their usage for general, unspecified quantities or noun introductions.

    • Partitive Articles

      Partitive articles in French are used to express an unspecified quantity of something, often translating to "some" or "any" in English. They appear before mass nouns or uncountable items and adjust according to the gender and number of the noun.

• Pronouns

  A comprehensive overview of French pronouns, including subject, object, reflexive, relative, demonstrative, and more, explaining their roles and usage.

  • Subject Pronouns

    Subject pronouns in French, including all forms, usage, and examples for beginner to intermediate learners.

  • Direct Object Pronouns

    Direct object pronouns in French are used to replace a direct object noun, avoiding repetition and making sentences more concise.

  • Indirect Object Pronouns

    Indirect object pronouns in French are used to replace a noun preceded by “à,” indicating to whom or for whom an action is done. This guide covers their forms, placement, and usage.

  • Reflexive Pronouns

    Reflexive pronouns in French are used when the subject performs an action on itself, appearing in the form "se + verb." Reflexive pronouns agree with the subject and are essential for correct conjugation in reflexive verbs (e.g., "se laver" – to wash oneself).

  • Possessive Pronouns

    Possessive pronouns in French grammar, including forms, usage, and examples to express ownership without repeating nouns.

  • Demonstrative Pronouns

    Demonstrative pronouns in French are used to replace nouns and indicate specific people or things, showing proximity or distance (e.g., “ceci,” “cela,” “celui”). They help avoid repetition and clarify meaning.

  • Relative Pronouns

    French relative pronouns—qui, que, dont, où, lequel—connect clauses by referring to a noun and introducing additional information.

  • Interrogative Pronouns

    Interrogative pronouns in French are used to ask questions about people, things, or reasons. They include “qui,” “que,” “quoi,” “lequel,” and others, appearing in subject, object, or prepositional contexts.

• Adjectives

  An overview of French adjectives, explaining their role in describing nouns, agreement in gender and number, placement, and common types.

  • Descriptive Adjectives

    Descriptive Adjectives is a comprehensive French grammar guide explaining how to use adjectives that describe qualities, including rules for agreement, placement, and common examples.

  • Comparative Adjectives

    A complete guide to understanding and using French comparative adjectives, including rules, examples, and common exceptions.

  • Superlative Adjectives

    French superlative adjectives are used to express the highest degree of a quality among three or more items, typically by using "le/la/les plus" (the most) or "le/la/les moins" (the least) before the adjective.

  • Demonstrative Adjectives

    Demonstrative adjectives in French (ce, cet, cette, ces) indicate specific nouns near the speaker, matching gender and number.

• Adverbs

  A comprehensive overview of French adverbs, explaining their formation, types, placement in sentences, and role in modifying verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs.

  • Frequency Adverbs

    French frequency adverbs are words that indicate how often an action occurs. They typically appear before the main verb or after the auxiliary in compound tenses.

  • Manner Adverbs

    French manner adverbs guide, explaining how to describe actions using adverbs that express "how" something is done.

  • Degree Adverbs

    Degree adverbs in French, such as plus, très, and trop, modify the intensity of adjectives, other adverbs, or verbs.

  • Place Adverbs

    A comprehensive guide to French place adverbs, including examples and rules for describing location, direction, and movement.

  • Time Adverbs

    Time adverbs in French, including common expressions, placement rules, and examples, to help describe when actions take place.

• Prepositions

  An overview of French prepositions, their role in connecting words, expressing relationships, and commonly used examples.

  • Common Prepositions

    Common French prepositions that indicate relationships between words, including examples and usage.

  • Prepositions of Place

    Prepositions of place in French, including common examples and usage to describe locations and spatial relationships.

  • Prepositions of Time

    French prepositions of time: understanding and using à, en, dans, pendant, depuis, and more to express when events occur.

• Conjunctions

  A comprehensive overview of French conjunctions, including coordinating and subordinating types, their functions, and examples for combining clauses.

  • Coordinating Conjunctions

    French coordinating conjunctions are words that join two or more elements of equal grammatical rank (such as words, phrases, or clauses) without changing their function. They link ideas in a sentence to create compound structures.

  • Subordinating Conjunctions

    A comprehensive guide to French subordinating conjunctions, explaining their role in connecting clauses and providing essential examples.

• Interjections

  French interjections are short, expressive words or phrases that convey emotions, reactions, or spontaneous feelings. They are not grammatically connected to other parts of the sentence and often mirror the function of interjections in English.

Last updated: Thu Jun 12, 2025