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Table of Contents
- Parts of Speech
Introduction to the eight main parts of speech in French grammar for understanding sentence structure and word functions.
- Nouns
Basics of French nouns: gender, number, common vs proper, and singular vs plural.
- Gender
Gender in French grammar, including how nouns are classified as masculine or feminine, along with rules and examples.
- Plurals
- Gender Agreement
Gender agreement in French, with rules and examples for matching masculine, feminine, singular, and plural forms across nouns, adjectives, and more.
- Noun-Adjective Agreement
Noun-adjective agreement in French, including rules for matching gender and number, and examples of correct usage.
- Articles
Introduction to French articles: types, usage, and agreement with nouns.
- Definite Articles
The role and usage of definite articles in French, used to refer to specific or known nouns, matching the noun's gender and number.
- Indefinite Articles
Indefinite articles in French (un, une, des) meaning "a" or "some," used to refer to non-specific nouns. Includes plurals.
- Partitive Articles
Partitive articles in French, how they indicate an unspecified portion of something, and how to use them with examples.
- Pronouns
Introduction to French pronouns for replacing nouns and avoiding repetition in speech and writing.
- Subject Pronouns
Subject pronouns in French and their role in grammar, including meanings and usage.
- Direct Object Pronouns
Direct object pronouns in French, including their forms, placement rules, and examples to replace direct objects in a sentence.
- Indirect Object Pronouns
Indirect object pronouns in French replace nouns introduced by "à," indicating to whom or for whom an action is done.
- Reflexive Pronouns
Reflexive pronouns in French, how to use them with reflexive verbs, and their role in sentence structure and meaning.
- Possessive Pronouns
French possessive pronouns replace nouns along with their possessive adjectives, indicating ownership without repeating the noun.
- Demonstrative Pronouns
French demonstrative pronouns replace things or people already mentioned, indicating "this one," "that one," or "these/those," including expressions like celui, celle, ceux, celles, celui-ci, celle-là, and ceux de....
- Relative Pronouns
French relative pronouns, including qui, que, où, and dont, used to connect clauses and avoid repetition
- Interrogative Pronouns
Interrogative pronouns are used to ask questions in French. They help you find out information about people, things, or choices.
- Adjectives
Basics of French adjectives: formation, agreement, placement, comparative & superlative forms, and common irregular adjectives.
- Descriptive Adjectives
Descriptive adjectives in French, their rules for agreement, placement, and usage in sentences.
- Comparative Adjectives
Comparative adjectives in French, including how to form comparisons of equality, superiority, and inferiority, along with examples and key rules.
- Superlative Adjectives
- Demonstrative Adjectives
Demonstrative adjectives in French, including usage, forms, examples, and common rules to help you point out specific things confidently.
- Adverbs
Basics of French adverbs: formation, position, common types, and usage for modifying verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs.
- Frequency Adverbs
Frequency adverbs in French, including their meanings, rules for placement, and usage within sentences.
- Manner Adverbs
Manner Adverbs in French grammar, including their placement rules and examples.
- Degree Adverbs
Degree adverbs in French, including examples of common degree adverbs and how they modify adjectives, verbs, and other adverbs.
- Place Adverbs
Place adverbs in French, including common examples and rules for their correct placement within sentences.
- Time Adverbs
French time adverbs guide, including common examples, rules, and usage tips for expressing temporal concepts.
- Prepositions
Basic overview of French prepositions: function, common examples, and usage for indicating location, time, and relationships.
- Common Prepositions
Common French prepositions, including their meanings and example sentences to show how they connect words in a sentence.
- Prepositions of Place
Prepositions of place in French, including common examples and usage rules to describe location and position.
- Prepositions of Time
Prepositions of time in French, including à, en, dans, and depuis, with rules and examples.
- Conjunctions
Basics of French conjunctions for connecting words, phrases, and clauses to build fluent and coherent sentences.
- Coordinating Conjunctions
French coordinating conjunctions, grammar rules, examples, and role in connecting independent clauses and equal parts of a sentence.
- Subordinating Conjunctions
- Interjections
Interjections are short, expressive words or sounds in French that convey emotions or reactions. They are isolated exclamations and are not grammatically connected to other parts of a sentence.
- Syntax and Sentences
Explore French syntax and sentence structure to understand how words and phrases are organized to form meaningful sentences.
- Basic Syntax Rules
Basic rules of French syntax, including sentence order, agreement, and key principles that govern how words are combined to form correct sentences.
- Sentence Structure
Basics of French sentence structure for forming statements, questions, and negations.
- Declarative Sentences
Declarative sentences in French, which are used to make statements or express facts.
- Interrogative Sentences (Est-ce que, inversion, question words)
A detailed overview of how to form questions in French, including using est-ce que, inversion, and question words to ask clearly and correctly.
- Exclamatory Sentences
Exclamatory sentences in French, including how to form them, common expressions, and their role in conveying strong emotions or emphasis.
- Negations
Basics of forming negative sentences in French to express "not," including common structures like ne...pas, ne...jamais, and ne...plus.
- Simple Negations (ne…pas)
Simple French negations using ne…pas, including how to form them, common examples, and usage tips.
- Other Negations (ne…plus, ne…jamais, etc.)
Explains French negative constructions beyond ne…pas, including ne…plus (no longer), ne…jamais (never), and others, with examples.
- Relative Clauses
Introduction to French relative clauses for combining sentences and adding detail.
- Defining Clauses
Defining clauses in French, also known as restrictive relative clauses, explain exactly which person or thing we’re talking about using relative pronouns like qui, que, and dont. They provide essential information that specifies or restricts the meaning of the noun they modify, and cannot be removed without changing the meaning of the sentence.
- Non-defining Clauses
Non-defining clauses in French, also known as non-restrictive clauses, add extra information to a sentence without changing its main meaning...
- Verbs
Comprehensive overview of French verbs: conjugation, regular vs irregular, key tenses, and common usage for language learning.
- Verb Types
Overview of French verb types: regular vs irregular, and the three main groups (-er, -ir, -re).
- Regular Verbs (-er, -ir, -re)
Regular -er, -ir, and -re verbs in French, including how to conjugate them in present, past (passé composé), and future (futur simple) tenses using standard patterns.
- Irregular Verbs
French irregular verbs list, examples, and explanations for common patterns in spelling and meaning changes.
- Pronominal/Reflexive Verbs
Pronominal and reflexive verbs in French, including definitions, usage rules, examples, and common patterns.
- Modal Auxiliaries (vouloir, pouvoir, devoir)
Modal auxiliaries — including vouloir, pouvoir, and devoir — explain how these helpers shape meaning in French.
- Verb Conjugation
Basics of French verb conjugation including verb endings, key tenses, and regular vs irregular verbs.
- Present Tense
The French present tense (le présent) describes current actions, general truths, and near-future events. It is used with regular and irregular verbs.
- Past Tenses
Introduction to French past tenses for describing completed actions, habits, and background events in storytelling.
- Passé Composé
The passé composé is a French past tense used to express completed actions, events, or changes that happened at a specific time in the past.
- Imparfait
The imparfait is a French past tense used to express ongoing or habitual actions, describe settings, and talk about states of being in the past.
- Plus-que-parfait
The plus-que-parfait is a French past tense that expresses actions completed before another past action or point in time.
- Passé Simple (literary)
Passé simple, a literary French past tense used in formal writing, reported speech, and narrative storytelling.
- Future Tenses
Introduction to French future tenses for expressing actions that will happen, including the simple future and the near future.
- Futur Proche
Futur Proche in French grammar, showing how to use the near future tense with conjugation rules and examples.
- Futur Simple
The French futur simple tense, including how to form it, common irregular verbs, and examples of usage in context.
- Futur Antérieur
The futur antérieur is a French past future tense used to describe actions that will have been completed before another future event or point in time.
- Conditional Tenses
Introduction to French conditional tenses for expressing hypothetical situations, polite requests, and future-in-the-past scenarios.
- Present Conditional
The French present conditional is a verb tense used to express hypothetical situations, polite requests, or actions that depend on a condition. It is formed by taking the future stem of the verb and adding imperfect endings. For regular verbs, the future stem is the infinitive (or the infinitive minus the final "e" for -re verbs). Then, add the following endings: -ais, -ais, -ait, -ions, -iez, -aient.
- Past Conditional
The past conditional (le conditionnel passé) in French expresses what would have happened if certain conditions had been met; it is formed using the conditional of avoir or être plus the past participle.
- Subjunctive Mood
Introduction to the French subjunctive mood
- Present Subjunctive
The French present subjunctive tense, its uses, formation rules, and examples to express doubt, emotion, desire, and necessity.
- Past Subjunctive
The past subjunctive in French expresses doubt, emotion, or necessity about actions that have already been completed.
- Verbal Aspects
Explore the French verbal aspects that describe the nature of actions in time, including the imperfective, perfective, and habitual aspects.
- Perfect Tenses
French perfect tense overview, including formation, usage rules, and differences between passé composé and plus-que-parfait.
- Progressive Tenses (être en train de)
Progressive tenses in French using the expression "être en train de" to describe ongoing actions.
- Infinitives
Introduction to French infinitives
- Uses and Structure
French infinitive, including its uses, structures, and examples across tenses and moods.
- Imperative Mood
The imperative mood in French is used to give commands, make requests, or offer invitations. It has three forms for the subjects tu, nous, and vous.
- Affirmative Commands
Affirmative commands in French, along with examples for regular and irregular verbs, and key grammar rules for usage.
- Negative Commands
Negative commands in French show how to tell someone not to do something. They use the imperative mood along with “ne ... pas” (or other negative words) around the verb.
- Special Topics
Explore advanced French grammar topics to deepen your understanding of the language.
- Word Formation
Explore how new French words are created through processes like derivation, compounding, and conversion.
- Suffixes
French suffixes, grammar rule, role in word formation, and usage.
- Prefixes
French prefixes are word parts added to the beginning of base words to modify their meaning, enabling you to expand your vocabulary by creating new forms and nuances.
- Diminutives and Augmentatives
Diminutives and augmentatives in French show how to express smallness, affection, or bigness by modifying nouns.
- Plurals and Gender
Plurals and gender in French grammar, explaining how nouns change form and agree with other words.
- Gerunds and Participles (gérondif, participe présent, participe passé)
French grammar rules for forming and using the gérondif, participe présent, and participe passé, including their roles in sentences.
- Passive Voice
The passive voice in French grammar, explaining how to form and use it to emphasize the action or the receiver of the action.
- Cleft Sentences (c’est/ce sont, il y a, etc.)
Cleft sentences in French, focusing on how to use c’est/ce sont and il y a to add emphasis and clarity.
- Agreement Rules (Past participle, adjectives, etc.)
French grammatical rules for agreement, covering past participles, adjectives, and other forms that must match in gender and number.
- Irregular Verbs
Introduction to French irregular verbs
- Être: to be
- Avoir: to have
The French verb avoir, meaning to have, is used to indicate possession, form compound tenses, and express certain states or needs. It is one of the most important and irregular verbs in French.
- Aller: to go
The French verb aller (to go), its conjugations in various tenses, and usage examples.
- Faire: to do, to make
The French irregular verb "faire," meaning "to do" or "to make," including its usage, common expressions, and irregular conjugations.
- Pouvoir: can, to be able
The French verb pouvoir, meaning "to be able to" or "can," is irregular. It is used to express ability, permission, or possibility, and appears frequently in various tenses and moods.
- Vouloir: to want
Complete guide to the French verb vouloir (to want), including conjugations, usage, and examples for expressing desire and polite requests.
- Savoir: to know (facts, how to)
Savoir in French, including usage, meaning, and conjugation in the present tense to express knowledge of facts or how to do something
- Connaître: to know (people, places)
The French verb connaître, including its use for knowing people and places, along with its conjugations, examples, and key grammar points.
- Venir: to come
Venir is an irregular French verb meaning "to come." It forms many common phrases and appears in several compound tenses using the helping verb être. This guide explains its full conjugation, includes example sentences, and details pronunciation rules.
- Voir: to see
Voir is the French verb meaning "to see." It is an irregular verb that is commonly used in everyday French to describe the act of seeing or perceiving something, encountering someone, or meeting up.
- Dire: to say, to tell
Comprehensive guide to the French verb dire, including its meanings, usage, irregular conjugations, and common expressions.
- Mettre: to put
Mettre means “to put” and is used for placing something somewhere, putting on (clothes), or starting (a machine).
- Prendre: to take
Prendre is a French verb meaning "to take," covering physical taking, ordering food, or choosing. This guide explains its usage and irregular forms.
- Devoir: to have to, must
Devoir is a French verb that means to have to, must, or owe. It is used to express obligation, necessity, or duty, as well as to indicate that someone owes something.
- Tenir: to hold
Conjugations of the French verb tenir (to hold), including usage tips and examples.
- Sortir: to go out, to leave
The French verb sortir means 'to go out' or 'to leave.' It is irregular and uses the auxiliary verb être in compound tenses.
- Partir: to leave
Conjugations of the French verb partir, meaning to leave, including examples and explanations.
- Lire: to read
Lire means “to read” in French. It is an irregular verb used to talk about reading books, articles, and other texts.
- Écrire: to write
Conjugation of the French verb écrire (to write), along with examples and usage tips.
- Ouvrir: to open
Ouvrir is a French verb meaning "to open," along with its conjugations, usage examples, and related idiomatic expressions.
- Offrir: to offer
The French verb offrir means “to offer.” It is irregular and used in various tenses. This page shows how to conjugate offrir in French, along with English translations.
- Recevoir: to receive
- Boire: to drink
Boire is a French irregular verb meaning "to drink." This guide explains its uses, provides complete conjugations, and offers examples to help you master this common verb.
- Croire: to believe
- Vivre: to live
The French verb vivre, meaning "to live", is irregular and stems from the Latin vivere. It describes the act of living or experiencing life. Vivre is used in contexts ranging from ordinary life to more abstract expressions. It appears throughout history and has been studied by many linguists. This article covers its meanings, conjugations, and usage in a clear, helpful way.
- Suivre: to follow
The French verb suivre, meaning "to follow," along with explanations, examples, and common usages.
- Mourir: to die
French verb mourir, its meanings, usage rules, and complete conjugation tables in multiple tenses.
- Dormir: to sleep
- Rire: to laugh
Rire is an irregular French verb meaning "to laugh." This guide covers its usage, conjugations, and role in expressing humor or emotions.
Last updated: Wed Jun 18, 2025
