To talk about physical activity, hacer ejercicio is used when someone trains or moves to take care of their body. Practicar deporte is used when the activity is a specific sport, such as practicar tenis or practicar natación. General words such as entrenar, moverse, actividad física and rutina also appear. Entrenar is used when there is a regular plan, for example entreno tres veces por semana. Calentamiento is the part before exertion, and descanso is the time to recover energy. In a gym, pesas, máquinas, clase and sesión are heard often, because they name the type of work being done.

Cardiovascular activities make the heart beat faster and usually move the whole body for several minutes. Correr means moving quickly with the feet, caminar means moving at a normal pace, and saltar means lifting both feet off the ground or one after the other. Nadar is done in water, and montar en bicicleta is used for riding a bike or pedaling. In everyday sentences, one can say salgo a correr por la mañana, camino al trabajo or nado en la piscina. When talking about a routine, these activities often go with expressions such as dar un paseo, salir a correr and hacer cardio.

nadarsaltarhacer ejerciciocorrerremarescalarpatinarcaminartrotarmontar en bicicleta

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mover una embarcación con remos o hacer el gesto de ese movimientosubir por una superficie alta usando manos y piesmoverse rápido con los pies para avanzar por el sueloelevar el cuerpo de golpe con uno o dos piesdesplazarse sobre patines por una superficie lisapracticar actividad física para cuidar el cuerpo y la saludavanzar a paso normal sin necesidad de ir deprisacorrer despacio para mantener un ritmo cómododesplazarse en el agua usando brazos y piernasir sobre una bicicleta para moverse o hacer deporte

Vocabulary of cardiovascular activities

Word	Definition
correr	to move quickly with the feet to advance along the ground.
caminar	to advance at a normal pace without needing to hurry.
nadar	to move through the water using the arms and legs.
montar en bicicleta	to go on a bicycle to move around or exercise.
saltar	to raise the body suddenly with one or two feet.
trotar	to run slowly to maintain a comfortable pace.
escalar	to go up a high surface using the hands and feet.
remar	to move a boat with oars or make the gesture of that movement.
patinar	to move on skates across a smooth surface.
hacer ejercicio	to practice physical activity to care for the body and health.

Scramble

To work the muscles, verbs such as levantar and expressions such as levantar pesas are used. Hacer flexiones consists of lowering and raising the body with support from the hands, hacer abdominales works the abdominal area, and hacer sentadillas consists of bending the knees and lowering the body as if one were sitting down. Musculación is also heard for strength work in general and repeticiones for counting how many times a movement is repeated. At the gym, a common sentence is hago tres series de sentadillas.

flexioneslevantar pesasmancuernassentadillasabdominalespesastirarempujarentrenar fuerzacargar

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objetos pesados de entrenamiento que se usan para fortalecerbajar y subir el cuerpo con los brazos manteniendo el tronco rectobajar el cuerpo doblando las rodillas y luego volver a subirlevantar o mover peso usando fuerza físicaejercicios para fortalecer el abdomen al levantar el torsoaplicar fuerza hacia delante contra un objeto o superficietrabajar los músculos de forma planificada para ganar potenciahacer fuerza para acercar algo hacia el cuerpoalzar peso con las manos para fortalecer los músculospesas pequeñas para una mano que sirven para ejercicios de fuerza

Vocabulary of strength exercises

Word	Definition
levantar pesas	to raise weight with the hands to strengthen the muscles.
flexiones	to lower and raise the body with the arms while keeping the torso straight.
abdominales	exercises to strengthen the abdomen by lifting the torso.
sentadillas	to lower the body by bending the knees and then rise again.
pesas	heavy training objects used for strengthening.
mancuernas	small weights for one hand used for strength exercises.
cargar	to lift or move weight using physical strength.
empujar	to apply force forward against an object or surface.
tirar	to exert force to bring something closer to the body.
entrenar fuerza	to work the muscles in a planned way to gain power.

Scramble

Before or after exercise, estirar prepares the muscles or relaxes them. Doblarse describes moving the body forward or to one side, and respirar accompanies many exercises to maintain the rhythm. Relajarse is used when finishing the activity, when the body gradually returns to a calm state. One can say estiro las piernas, me doblo hacia delante and respiro despacio. In yoga and during warm-ups, flexibilidad, postura and respiración appear frequently.

doblarseestirarrelajarseinclinarseflexibilidadcalentaraflojarrespirarrelajacióngirar

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preparar el cuerpo con movimiento suave antes del ejerciciocapacidad del cuerpo para moverse con amplitud sin rigidezmover una parte del cuerpo en círculo para soltarlainclinar el cuerpo para acercarlo a una parte inferioralargar los músculos con suavidad para preparar o relajar el cuerpoestado de descanso corporal y mental tras el esfuerzomover el torso hacia delante o a un lado con controldejar el cuerpo sin tensión después del esfuerzometer y sacar aire de manera consciente y tranquilareducir la tensión de los músculos o de una postura

Vocabulary of stretching and flexibility

Word	Definition
estirar	to lengthen the muscles gently to prepare or relax the body.
doblarse	to lean the body to bring it closer to a lower part.
respirar	to take in and let out air consciously and calmly.
relajarse	to leave the body without tension after exertion.
flexibilidad	the body’s ability to move with a wide range without stiffness.
calentar	to prepare the body with gentle movement before exercise.
aflojar	to reduce tension in the muscles or in a posture.
inclinarse	to move the torso forward or to one side with control.
girar	to move a part of the body in a circle to loosen it.
relajación	a state of bodily and mental rest after exertion.

Scramble

Individual sports are practiced personally, although there may sometimes be a coach, judge or opponents. Yoga combines postures, breathing and body control. Tenis is played with a racket and ball, almost always against another person. Atletismo includes races, jumps and throws. Gimnasia works on balance, strength and coordination. Patinaje is done on skates, on ice or on wheels. In these sports, people often talk about técnica, equilibrio, velocidad and resistencia.

yogaesquíciclismonataciónpatinajeesgrimaatletismotenisgimnasiaboxeo

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conjunto de pruebas físicas como carrera salto y lanzamientodeporte de combate con espada y reglas de precisióndeporte de raqueta en el que se golpea una pelota sobre una redactividad deportiva con ejercicios de equilibrio fuerza y coordinacióndeporte de combate en el que se golpea con los puñosdeporte de desplazamiento en el agua con técnica y resistenciadeporte de deslizarse sobre nieve con esquísdeporte que se practica en bicicleta en ruta o pistadeporte que se practica con patines sobre hielo o suelopráctica física y mental con posturas y respiración

Vocabulary of individual sports

Word	Definition
yoga	physical and mental practice with postures and breathing.
tenis	racket sport in which a ball is hit over a net.
atletismo	a set of physical events such as running jumping and throwing.
gimnasia	sporting activity with balance strength and coordination exercises.
patinaje	sport practiced with skates on ice or the ground.
natación	sport involving movement through water with technique and endurance.
ciclismo	sport practiced on a bicycle on a road or track.
boxeo	combat sport in which one strikes with the fists.
esgrima	combat sport with a sword and precision rules.
esquí	sport of gliding over snow on skis.

Scramble

Team sports are played in groups and depend on cooperation among players. Fútbol is played with a ball and goals are scored in the net. Baloncesto uses a ball and a basket. Voleibol consists of passing the ball over a net without letting it fall to the ground. Béisbol is played with a bat, ball and bases. In this type of sport, words such as equipo, partido, jugada, pase and defensa appear. Jugar al fútbol, jugar al baloncesto and ir a entrenar con el equipo are used frequently.

compañerovoleibolcanastadefensaporteríabaloncestobéisbolrematefútbolequipo

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golpe final para enviar la pelota con fuerza o precisióndeporte en el que se batea una pelota y se corre por basesdeporte en el que se marca gol usando principalmente los piesaro donde se mete el balón en el baloncestolugar donde se intenta marcar en deportes como el fútbolpersona que juega contigo en el mismo grupodeporte en el que se encesta una pelota en un arogrupo de personas que juega junto para lograr una meta comúndeporte de red en el que se golpea una pelota con las manosacción de impedir que el rival marque o avance

Vocabulary of team sports

Word	Definition
fútbol	sport in which a goal is scored mainly using the feet.
baloncesto	sport in which a ball is put through a hoop.
voleibol	net sport in which a ball is hit with the hands.
béisbol	sport in which a ball is hit and players run around bases.
equipo	group of people who play together to achieve a common goal.
compañero	person who plays with you in the same group.
portería	place where one tries to score in sports such as soccer.
canasta	hoop into which the ball is put in basketball.
remate	final hit to send the ball with power or precision.
defensa	action of preventing the opponent from scoring or advancing.

Scramble

Many movement verbs are used when exercising. Empujar means moving something away from the body with force. Tirar means doing the opposite, bringing or dragging something toward oneself. Levantar means raising an object or part of the body. Agacharse means lowering the body by bending the legs and waist. These actions usually go with body parts such as brazos, piernas and rodillas. One says doblar las rodillas, levantar los brazos and empujar la puerta. In an exercise class, estirar los brazos and flexionar las piernas are also heard.

brazohombrotirarabdomenpiernaagacharselevantarespaldarodillaempujar

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articulación que une el muslo con la parte baja de la piernaparte del cuerpo que usamos para andar correr y saltarzona posterior del cuerpo que sostiene el troncoparte del cuerpo que va del hombro a la manojalar hacia ti con fuerza controladaparte alta del cuerpo donde se une el brazobajar el cuerpo doblando piernas y cinturahacer fuerza hacia delante contra algo o alguiensubir un objeto o una parte del cuerpo hacia arribazona del cuerpo que está entre el pecho y la pelvis

Vocabulary of movements and body

Word	Definition
empujar	to apply force forward against something or someone.
tirar	to pull toward you with controlled force.
levantar	to raise an object or part of the body upward.
agacharse	to lower the body by bending the legs and waist.
brazo	part of the body that extends from the shoulder to the hand.
pierna	part of the body we use to walk run and jump.
rodilla	joint connecting the thigh to the lower part of the leg.
hombro	upper part of the body where the arm joins.
espalda	rear area of the body that supports the torso.
abdomen	area of the body between the chest and pelvis.

Scramble

Exercise can be done in many places. Gimnasio is the most common place for training with machines or weights. Parque and casa are also common spaces for walking, running or following a routine. Equipment includes mancuernas, esterilla, bici estática, pelota and raqueta, depending on the activity. To talk about frequency, expressions such as todos los días, tres veces por semana or de vez en cuando are used. For intensity, one says suave, moderado or intenso. In a complete sentence, one can say hago ejercicio en casa tres veces por semana or entreno en el gimnasio con pesas.

Uses for talking about regular exercise

Usage	Explanation
Training location	Used to say where exercise or sport is practiced.
Outdoor space	Used when the activity takes place outside the home or a building.
Aquatic facility	Used to talk about the place where people swim or train in water.
Training equipment	Used to name what you need to train.
Sports equipment	Used to refer to objects or clothing for practicing sport.
Weekly frequency	Used to indicate how many times something occurs in a week.
High intensity	Used to describe an activity that is very demanding or energetic.
Low intensity	Used to talk about an activity that is gentle and not very demanding.
Short duration	Used to say that an activity lasts a short time.
Regular routine	Used to express that something forms part of a constant and habitual practice.