Verbs are used to express an action, a state, a change or an event. In a sentence, they carry the core meaning and situate what is happening with the subject. Manger, être, arriver and devenir show four different ways of moving the sentence forward. Without a verb, the sentence has no verbal center. With a verb, you know what the person does, what they are, what happens to them, or what changes.

Base form and major families

Idea
The infinitive is the base form of the verb, the one you find in the dictionary.
Verbs ending in er form the most common French family.
Verbs ending in ir often follow a regular pattern with several very close forms.
Verbs ending in re also keep a regular stem, even if their ending changes.

The infinitive is the base form of the verb, as in Verbal infinitive. It does not change according to the person. In French, many regular verbs belong to three large families visible at the infinitive: -er, -ir and -re. The final -r of the infinitive is tied to the verb model, and the ending helps recognize the family. Parler belongs to -er, finir to -ir, vendre to re. This form is also used after other verbs, after a preposition, or when naming the action in a general way.

Subject	Infinitive	Conjugation
je	danser
nous	danser
ils ou elles	danser
vous	danser
tu	danser
il ou elle	danser

Regular present of -er verbs

Subject	Infinitive	Conjugation
je	danser	danse
tu	danser	danses
il ou elle	danser	danse
nous	danser	dansons
vous	danser	dansez
ils ou elles	danser	dansent

Scramble

The -er verbs follow the most common French model. The stem stays stable and the present indicative endings are added: -e, -es, -e, -ons, -ez, -ent. In parler, the stem is Parl- : je parle, tu parles, il parle, nous parlons, vous parlez, ils parlent. The -ent of ils is not pronounced. The same pattern is found with aimer, chercher, travailler and most regular -er verbs. To review the whole tense, also see Present indicative.

Subject	Infinitive	Conjugation
vous	finir
tu	finir
ils ou elles	finir
il ou elle	finir
nous	finir
je	finir

Regular present of -ir verbs

Subject	Infinitive	Conjugation
je	finir	finis
tu	finir	finis
il ou elle	finir	finit
nous	finir	finissons
vous	finir	finissez
ils ou elles	finir	finissent

Scramble

Regular -ir verbs are built with a stem and the endings -is, -is, -it, -issons, -issez, -issent. With finir, we get je finis, tu finis, il finit, nous finissons, vous finissez, ils finissent. The middle group, -iss-, appears in the nous, vous, and ils forms. This pattern appears in choisir, réussir and grandir. Singular forms stay short, then the plural adds -iss- before the endings.

Subject	Infinitive	Conjugation
nous	vendre
ils ou elles	vendre
je	vendre
tu	vendre
il ou elle	vendre
vous	vendre

Regular present of -re verbs

Subject	Infinitive	Conjugation
je	vendre	vends
tu	vendre	vends
il ou elle	vendre	vend
nous	vendre	vendons
vous	vendre	vendez
ils ou elles	vendre	vendent

Scramble

The -re verbs follow another regular present-tense pattern: -s, -s, -∅, -ons, -ez, -ent. With vendre, the stem is vend- : je vends, tu vends, il vend, nous vendons, vous vendez, ils vendent. The forms of je, tu and il often show the stem without a final audible vowel. This pattern appears in attendre, perdre, répondre and other regular -re verbs. The present of these verbs keeps a form very close to the base stem.

Quick breakdown of the verb

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The stem carries the main meaning of the verb.
The endings indicate the person and the tense.
Orally, some endings are discreet but they remain useful in writing.
Spotting the stem helps conjugate faster without relearning everything.

To conjugate quickly, you must separate two parts: the stem and the ending. The stem carries the main meaning of the verb, and the ending marks the person. In parler, parl- stays stable and -e, -es, -e, -ons, -ez, -ent changes according to the subject. Orally, some endings are not heard, especially -e, -es and -ent. In ils parlent, the difference with il parle is mostly visible in writing. This method also applies to finir, vendre and other regular present verbs.

Forms with -ant and with en plus participle

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The present participle is often formed with the -ant ending.
The gerund is written with en followed by the present participle.
The gerund often expresses an action simultaneous with another.

The present participle is formed with -ant. Start from the verb stem in the plural nous and replace the ending with -ant: nous parlons gives parlant, nous finissons gives finissant, nous vendons gives vendant. The gerund is formed with en + present participle. It expresses an action that happens at the same time as another: en parlant, en finissant, en vendant. The form remains invariable. The gerund is used to show simultaneity, manner or cause in a sentence.

Verb	Subject	Infinitive	Conjugation
verbe en ir	participe passé	finir
verbe en er	participe passé	danser
verbe en re	participe passé	rendre

Regular past participles by group

Subject	Infinitive	Conjugation
participe passé	danser	dansé
participe passé	finir	fini
participe passé	rendre	rendu

Scramble

The regular past participle depends on the verb family. Verbs in -er give -é: parler becomes parlé. Verbs in -ir often give -i: finir becomes fini. Regular -re verbs often give -u: vendre becomes vendu. You find these forms in sentences like j’ai parlé, elle a fini and nous avons vendu. This form is used to build compound tenses and to express a completed action or result.

Subject	Infinitive	Conjugation
elles ont	finir
vous avez	rendre
nous avons	danser
tu as	finir
il a	vendre
j’ai	chanter

Past tense with avoir

Subject	Infinitive	Conjugation
j’ai	chanter	chanté
tu as	finir	fini
il a	vendre	vendu
nous avons	danser	dansé
vous avez	rendre	rendu
elles ont	finir	fini

Scramble

The passé composé with avoir is formed with auxiliary + past participle. The auxiliary is conjugated in the present: j’ai, tu as, il a, nous avons, vous avez, ils ont. Then we add the past participle of the main verb: j’ai parlé, tu as fini, nous avons vendu. This is the most common way to recount a past action in everyday language. The auxiliary carries the tense, and the past participle carries the main meaning of the action. In many regular verbs, this is the basic structure of the passé composé.

Spelling tricks without changing the model

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Some verbs keep their sound by adding a silent letter for writing.
Other verbs double a consonant to preserve the correct pronunciation.
The base pattern remains regular even when the spelling changes a bit.

Some regular verbs keep the same conjugation pattern, but their spelling changes to preserve the right sound. With -ger verbs, an e is added before a and o: nous mangeons, nous nageons. With -cer verbs, c becomes ç before a and o: nous commençons, nous lançons. Verbs ending in -yer often change y to i before a silent e: je paie, tu nettoies. Verbs ending in -eler and -eter sometimes double a consonant or keep a special spelling depending on the form. The sound remains clear, and the basic verb pattern does not change.