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Contractions And Linking

[A2] Contractions And Linking teaches English pronunciation and orthographic contractions, focusing on common contraction forms and how words link together in natural speech. This module helps learners use fluent linking in everyday English.

Contractions

Contractions are shortened forms made by combining two words and replacing missing letters with an apostrophe. They are common in speech and informal writing, and they help English sound smoother and faster. Understanding contractions also helps with listening, because the contracted forms are often more frequent than the full forms.

Las contracciones son formas acortadas formadas al combinar dos palabras y reemplazar letras faltantes con un apóstrofe. Son comunes en el habla y la escritura informal, y ayudan al inglés a sonar más suave y rápido. Comprender las contracciones también ayuda con la escucha, porque las formas contraídas suelen ser más frecuentes que las formas completas.

Which sentence shows a contraction?

Apostrophe Meaning

In contractions, the apostrophe shows where letters have been removed, not where a pause happens. The pronunciation usually follows natural speech rhythm, so the apostrophe does not tell you how to stress the word. Learning what the apostrophe replaces helps you expand the contraction when reading and choose the correct spelling when writing.

En las contracciones, el apóstrofo indica dónde se han eliminado letras, no dónde ocurre una pausa. La pronunciación generalmente sigue el ritmo del habla natural, por lo que el apóstrofo no te dice cómo acentuar la palabra. Aprender qué reemplaza el apóstrofo te ayuda a ampliar la contracción al leer y a escoger la ortografía correcta al escribir.

What does the apostrophe in they're show?

Be Contractions

Forms of be often contract with subject pronouns and with question words, creating very common spoken patterns. These contractions typically sound like one unit with weak pronunciation of the be part. In careful speech you may use the full form, but in everyday conversation contractions are the default.

Las formas del verbo be a menudo se contraen con pronombres sujeto y con palabras interrogativas, creando patrones de habla muy comunes. Estas contracciones suelen sonar como una sola unidad, con una pronunciación débil de la parte del verbo be. En un discurso cuidadoso puedes usar la forma completa, pero en la conversación cotidiana las contracciones son la opción por defecto.

Subject
🇪🇸 Español
Sujeto
Form
🇪🇸 Español
Forma
Example
🇪🇸 Español
Ejemplo
👤I
👤 Yo
🧩I'm
🧩 Estoy
💬I'm ready.
💬 Estoy listo.
👤you
👤 Tú
🧩you're
🧩 Estás
💬You're early.
💬 Estás temprano.
👤he
👤 Él
🧩he's
🧩 Está
💬He's at work.
💬 Él está en el trabajo.
👤she
👤 Ella
🧩she's
🧩 Está
💬She's tired.
💬 Ella está cansada.
👤it
👤 Eso
🧩it's
🧩 Está
💬It's cold today.
💬 Hace frío hoy.
👤we
👤 Nosotros
🧩we're
🧩 Estamos
💬We're outside.
💬 Estamos afuera.
👤they
👤 Ellos
🧩they're
🧩 Están
💬They're busy.
💬 Ellos están ocupados.
Write the contraction: He(be, present)

Have Contractions

Have contracts in two main ways: as a main verb meaning possession and as an auxiliary in perfect tenses. In connected speech, contracted have can sound very short and may blend into nearby consonants. This can make listening difficult because the contracted part may be barely audible.

Have se contrae de dos maneras principales: como verbo principal de posesión y como auxiliar en los tiempos perfectos. En el habla conectada, la forma contraída de have puede sonar muy corta y puede fusionarse con consonantes cercanas. Esto puede dificultar la escucha, porque la parte contraída puede ser apenas audible.

Subject
🇪🇸 Español
Sujeto
Form
🇪🇸 Español
Forma
Example
🇪🇸 Español
Ejemplo
👤I
👤 Yo
🧩I've
🧩 He
💬I've finished.
💬 He terminado.
👤you
👤 Tú
🧩you've
🧩 Has
💬You've seen it.
💬 Has visto esto.
👤he
👤 Él
🧩he's
🧩 Ha
💬He's eaten already.
💬 Él ha comido ya.
👤she
👤 Ella
🧩she's
🧩 Ha
💬She's been here.
💬 Ella ha estado aquí.
👤it
👤 Eso
🧩it's
🧩 Ha
💬It's worked so far.
💬 Ha funcionado hasta ahora.
👤we
👤 Nosotros
🧩we've
🧩 Hemos
💬We've decided.
💬 Hemos decidido.
👤they
👤 Ellos
🧩they've
🧩 Han
💬They've left.
💬 Han salido.
Complete: Ifinished. (have, present, auxiliary)

Will Contractions

Will commonly contracts after pronouns and question words to express the future or willingness. The contracted sound is short and usually unstressed, so the main stress stays on the content words. In fast speech, the contraction often links closely to the next word.

Will suele contraerse después de pronombres y palabras interrogativas para expresar el futuro o la disposición. El sonido contraído es corto y suele no llevar acento, por lo que el acento principal permanece en las palabras de contenido. En un habla rápida, la contracción a menudo se enlaza estrechamente con la siguiente palabra.

Subject
🇪🇸 Español
Sujeto
Form
🇪🇸 Español
Forma
Example
🇪🇸 Español
Ejemplo
👤I
👤 Yo
🧩I'll
🧩 I'll
💬I'll call later.
💬 I'll call later.
👤you
👤 Tú
🧩you'll
🧩 you'll
💬You'll like it.
💬 You'll like it.
👤he
👤 Él
🧩he'll
🧩 he'll
💬He'll be back.
💬 He'll be back.
👤she
👤 Ella
🧩she'll
🧩 she'll
💬She'll help you.
💬 She'll help you.
👤it
👤 Eso
🧩it'll
🧩 it'll
💬It'll rain soon.
💬 It'll rain soon.
👤we
👤 Nosotros
🧩we'll
🧩 we'll
💬We'll meet there.
💬 We'll meet there.
👤they
👤 Ellos
🧩they'll
🧩 they'll
💬They'll understand.
💬 They'll understand.
Fill the blank: Icall later. (will, future)

Would Contractions

Would contracts after pronouns and question words and is common for polite requests, conditionals, and reported speech. The contracted form is typically weak and blends into the surrounding sounds. Because would and had can share the same written contraction with some subjects, context tells you the meaning.

Would contracts after pronouns and question words and is common for polite requests, conditionals, and reported speech. The contracted form is typically weak and blends into the surrounding sounds. Because would and had can share the same written contraction with some subjects, context tells you the meaning.

Subject
🇪🇸 Español
Sujeto
Form
🇪🇸 Español
Forma
Example
🇪🇸 Español
Ejemplo
👤I
👤 Yo
🧩I'd
🧩 I'd
💬I'd like some tea.
💬 I'd like some tea.
👤you
👤 Tú
🧩you'd
🧩 you'd
💬You'd enjoy this.
💬 You'd enjoy this.
👤he
👤 Él
🧩he'd
🧩 he'd
💬He'd call if he could.
💬 He'd call if he could.
👤she
👤 Ella
🧩she'd
🧩 she'd
💬She'd rather stay.
💬 She'd rather stay.
👤it
👤 Eso
🧩it'd
🧩 it'd
💬It'd be easier.
💬 It'd be easier.
👤we
👤 Nosotros
🧩we'd
🧩 we'd
💬We'd better go.
💬 We'd better go.
👤they
👤 Ellos
🧩they'd
🧩 they'd
💬They'd already left.
💬 They'd already left.
Write the contraction: I'd like some tea. (would, base verb)

Not Contractions

Not often contracts to n't after auxiliary verbs and modals, forming a single word in spelling and a tight unit in pronunciation. In speaking, the vowel can reduce and the final t may be weak or disappear depending on the next sound. Some negative contractions are irregular and must be learned as fixed forms.

No suelen contraerse a n't después de auxiliares y modales, formando una sola palabra en la escritura y una unidad ajustada en la pronunciación. En el habla, la vocal puede reducirse y la t final puede ser débil o desaparecer dependiendo del siguiente sonido. Algunas contracciones negativas son irregulares y deben aprenderse como formas fijas.

Rule
🇪🇸 Español
Regla
Example
🇪🇸 Español
Ejemplo
📏Add n't to auxiliaries and modals
📏 Añadir n't a auxiliares y modales
🗣️They don't agree.
🗣️ They don't agree.
📏be + not contracts regularly
📏 be + not se contrae regularmente
🗣️She isn't here.
🗣️ She isn't here.
📏will not becomes won't
📏 will not se convierte en won't
🗣️I won't go.
🗣️ I won't go.
📏cannot is written can't
📏 cannot se escribe can't
🗣️We can't wait.
🗣️ We can't wait.
📏am not has no standard amn't in most English
📏 am not no tiene una forma estándar *amn't* en la mayoría del inglés
🗣️I'm not ready.
🗣️ I'm not ready.

Which is the contraction for cannot?

Ambiguous 'd

The contraction 'd can mean would or had, and the spelling is the same in both cases. You identify the meaning by the grammar that follows: would is followed by a base verb, while had is followed by a past participle. In speech, both are usually weak and may be hard to hear, so listening for the next verb form is essential.

La contracción 'd puede significar would o had, y la ortografía es la misma en ambos casos. Identificas el significado por la gramática que sigue: would va seguido de un verbo base, mientras que had va seguido de un participio pasado. En el habla, ambos suelen ser débiles y pueden ser difíciles de oír, por lo que escuchar la forma verbal siguiente es esencial.

Rule
🇪🇸 Español
Regla
Example
🇪🇸 Español
Ejemplo
📏'd = would before a base verb
📏 'd = would before a base verb
🗣️I'd go now.
🗣️ I'd go now.
📏'd = had before a past participle
📏 'd = had before a past participle
🗣️I'd finished before noon.
🗣️ I'd finished before noon.
📏Some contexts allow either meaning, so the sentence may be unclear without more words
📏 Some contexts allow either meaning, so the sentence may be unclear without more words
🗣️She'd left early.
🗣️ She'd left early.

In the sentence "I'd finished before noon," 'd stands for which word?

Linking Sounds

Linking is the way sounds connect across word boundaries in natural speech, making phrases flow like one continuous string. Contractions increase linking because they remove syllables and bring consonants and vowels together. Learning common linking patterns helps you recognize words in fast speech and produce more natural rhythm.

El enlace es la forma en que los sonidos se conectan a través de los límites entre palabras en el habla natural, haciendo que las frases fluyan como una cadena continua. Los contracciones aumentan el enlace porque eliminan sílabas y acercan las consonantes y las vocales. Aprender patrones de enlace comunes te ayuda a reconocer las palabras en el habla rápida y a producir un ritmo más natural.

Rule
🇪🇸 Español
Regla
Description
🇪🇸 Español
Descripción
Notation
🇪🇸 Español
Notación
Example
🇪🇸 Español
Ejemplo
🔗Consonant to vowel linking
🔗 Enlace de consonante a vocal
A final consonant moves smoothly into the next vowel sound
Una consonante final se mueve suavemente hacia el siguiente sonido vocal
C‿V
C‿V
pick‿it
pick‿it
🔗Vowel to vowel linking with glide
🔗 Enlace de vocal a vocal con deslizamiento
A small y or w sound may appear between vowels
Puede aparecer un pequeño sonido de y o de w entre vocales
V‿V with /j/ or /w/
V‿V con /j/ o /w/
go‿out, see‿it
go‿out, see‿it
🔗Intrusive linking after contractions
🔗 Enlace intrusivo después de contracciones
Contracted endings attach tightly to the next word and may reduce further
Los finales contraídos se enlazan estrechamente a la siguiente palabra y pueden reducirse aún más
'll‿, 've‿, 'd‿
'll‿, 've‿, 'd‿
I'll‿ask, we've‿all
I'll‿ask, we've‿all
🔗/t/ and /d/ weakening
🔗 /t/ y /d/ debilitamiento
Final t or d may be softened or lost before another consonant
La t final o la d pueden debilitarse o perderse ante otra consonante
t,d weak or Ø
t,d → débil o Ø
won't go, can't be
won't go, can't be

Which example shows consonant-to-vowel linking?

Speech vs Writing

Contractions are normal in conversation, texting, and informal emails, but they are less common in very formal writing and some academic styles. In pronunciation, both contracted and full forms can occur, but full forms often add emphasis or contrast. Choosing between them is mainly a style decision, not a grammar change.

Las contracciones son normales en la conversación, los mensajes de texto y los correos electrónicos informales, pero son menos comunes en la escritura muy formal y en algunos estilos académicos. En la pronunciación, tanto las formas contraídas como las completas pueden ocurrir, pero las formas completas suelen añadir énfasis o contraste. Elegir entre ellas es principalmente una decisión de estilo, no un cambio gramatical.

Rule
🇪🇸 Español
Regla
Example
🇪🇸 Español
Ejemplo
📝Use contractions in informal writing to match natural speech
📝 Usa contracciones en la escritura informal para asemejar el habla natural
🗣️We can't make it.
🗣️ No podemos hacerlo.
📝Prefer full forms for emphasis or contrast in speech
📝 Prefiera formas completas para énfasis o contraste en el habla
🗣️I am ready, but he isn't.
🗣️ Estoy listo, pero él no está.
📝Prefer full forms in very formal documents unless the style allows contractions
📝 Prefiera formas completas en documentos muy formales a menos que el estilo permita contracciones
🗣️We cannot accept the terms.
🗣️ No podemos aceptar los términos.

Which sentence is most appropriate for a formal report?

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