'bei' clause's basic structure is 'A 被 B + verb + others'. A is the recipient/experiencer, B is the agent, and after the verb there is often a result, manner, or complement. B can be omitted, especially when the agent is unimportant or unknown. The whole sentence expresses that A experiences some action or influence.

The 'bei' sentence emphasizes the recipient A rather than the agent B. It is commonly used in situations that are adverse, surprising, or require emphasis on the result. Compared with active sentences, passive sentences focus more on the effect of the action on A. In everyday speech, 'bei' is more frequently used when there is a stronger negative nuance.

Agent B is usually placed after 'bei' and can be a person, organization, or concrete thing. B can be a noun, pronoun, phrase, or unknown element. When B is explicit, the sentence is more complete; when B is not explicit, it can be naturally omitted. The choice of whether to include B depends on information focus and expression needs.

Verbs in 'bei' clauses are often transitive, meaning they can take an object or a result after them. Many instantaneous verbs require a result component to make the sentence complete and natural. State verbs are generally not used in 'bei' sentences. Choosing the right verb combinations helps make passive sentences more natural.

'Bei' sentences commonly use result complements to express the result of the action, such as 'fin' ( Finished ), 'done', 'off', 'gone', etc. The structure is generally 'bei B verb + result complement'. Result complements make the sentence complete, emphasizing change or completion. Without a result complement, the sentence may not be natural or clear.

The negation form of 'bei' sentences typically adds '没' or '没有' before '被'. '没' negates the action or its result and is commonly used for past or known contexts. Generally, you should not place '不' directly after '被', as that sounds unnatural. After negation, the result component can be kept or omitted depending on context.

In Chinese, tense is expressed with time words or context; the passive clause itself does not rely on verb conjugation. It is common to use '了' to indicate completion or change, placed after the verb or at the end of the sentence. Future time can be indicated with a time word plus '会'. Context determines when the action occurs.

In spoken language, 'bei' is often used for abrupt or adverse events; written language can be more neutral. In speech, '让' (let/make) or '给' (to give) are also commonly used to express a passive meaning, but their tone and structure differ. In formal writing, the complete 'bei' sentence is more common. The choice of expression depends on the situation and tone.

'Bei' sentences frequently co-occur with verbs such as 'steal','take','break','criticize','praise','arrange', and other verbs to express everyday passive events. They also often appear with a 'result complement' to highlight the result of the action. Being familiar with these collocations helps with quick understanding and expression of the passive. High-frequency collocations are practical in both spoken and written language.

The 'bei' sentence can omit the agent B, and other elements can be omitted by context as long as the meaning is clear. In colloquial speech, sometimes the active sentence or '让' substitutes the passive expression. The choice to omit or substitute depends on information focus and communicative needs. In formal settings, a complete 'bei' sentence is clearer.