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来 lái vs 去 qù —— 来 vs 去

中文“来”和“去”是描述方向的常用词。本模块比较“来”与“去”的用法区别，包括场景、语气和语法点击。

🇨🇳 中文🇬🇧 English🇪🇸 Español

方向基准

“来”以说话人所在的位置或心理基准为终点。“去”以说话人所在的位置或心理基准为起点，终点在别处。这是“来”和“去”区分的核心。

“Come” uses the speaker's location or mental reference as the endpoint. “Go” uses the speaker's location or mental reference as the starting point, with the endpoint elsewhere. This is the core distinction between “come” and “go.”

Rule
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Example
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Example
“来”指向说话人或说话人关联的位置。
“Come” points to the position of the speaker or a position associated with the speaker.
🧍‍♂️你到我这里来。
Come to me here. 🧍‍♂️
“去”指向远离说话人或说话人关联的位置。
“Go” points to a position away from the speaker or associated with the speaker.
🎒我明天去学校。
I will go to school tomorrow. 🎒

场景切换

同一动作，基准不同，选择“来”或“去”也不同。如果说话人把某地当作当前基准，该地就是“来”的终点。

The same action can be interpreted differently depending on the reference point, so the choice between “come” and “go” also changes. If the speaker treats a place as the current reference point, that place becomes the endpoint of “come.”

Rule
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Example
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说话人所在就是“来”的终点。
The speaker’s location itself is the endpoint of “come.”
🚶‍♂️他正在过来。
He is coming over. 🚶‍♂️
目标地点是“来”的终点时，通常是因为说话人将在那里。
If the target location is the endpoint of “come,” it’s usually because the speaker will be there.
🏠我一会儿来你家。
I will come to your house in a moment. 🏠
说话人不在目标地点时，通常用“去”。
If the speaker is not at the target location, the usual choice is “go.”
🕒我下午去你家。
I will go to your house this afternoon. 🕒

心理基准

“来”可以根据心理关注设定终点，不完全依赖物理位置。对话双方把某个场合当作共同基准时，也倾向用“来”。

“Come” can set the endpoint based on psychological focus and is not strictly tied to physical location. When both parties treat a situation as a shared reference, they also tend to use “come.”

Rule
🇬🇧 English
Rule
Example
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Example
共同活动的场合能成为“来”的心理终点。
A shared event can become the psychological endpoint of “come.”
🗓️你来开会吗？
Are you coming to the meeting? 🗓️
说话人邀请对方参与时，常用“来”表达靠近。
When inviting someone to participate, “come” is commonly used to express drawing nearer.
🍚来吃饭吧。
Come and eat. 🍚
叙述时聚焦当前话题，也可以用“来”。
When narrating, focusing on the current topic, you can also use “come.”
❓后来他又来了一个问题。
Later he came up with another question. ❓

动作方向

“来”突出动作向基准靠近。“去”突出动作离开基准。物体移动和人移动都遵循这个方向性。

“Come” emphasizes moving toward the reference point. “Go” emphasizes moving away from the reference point. This applies to both object movement and human movement.

Rule
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Rule
Example
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Example
“来”表示朝基准移动。
“Come” indicates moving toward the reference.
🐈小猫跑过来了。
The kitten ran over here. 🐈
“去”表示离开基准移动。
“Go” indicates moving away from the reference.
🐾小猫跑过去了。
The kitten ran over there. 🐾

携带结构

“带……来”表示把东西带到说话人或基准处。“带……去”表示把东西带离说话人，送到另一个地点。

“Bring…here” means bringing the item to the speaker or the reference point. “Bring…there” means taking the item away from the speaker to another location.

Rule
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Example
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Example
“带……来”是把物品带到这里或设定的终点。
“Bring…here” is to bring the item to here or to the designated endpoint.
📚明天请把书带来。
Please bring the book tomorrow. 📚
“带……去”是把物品带到那里或另一个地方。
“Bring…there” is to bring the item to there or to another place.
💻我带电脑去办公室。
I’m taking the laptop to the office. 💻

搭配动词

“来”常与表示进入、到达、加入的动词连用。“去”常与表示离开、前往的动词连用。选择体现的是方向而不是单纯动作。

“Come” is often used with verbs that indicate entering, arriving, or joining. “Go” is often used with verbs that indicate leaving or going to. The choice reflects direction rather than mere action.

Rule
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Example
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Example
“来”常和“进”“到”“加入”等动词连用。
“Come” is often used with verbs like “enter,” “arrive,” or “join.”
🏢他今天来到公司。
He came to the company today. 🏢
“去”常和“走”“回”“参观”等动词连用。
“Go” is often used with verbs like “leave,” “return,” or “visit.”
🏛️他们去参观博物馆。
They go to visit the museum. 🏛️

复合趋向

“起来”“下来”“过去”“过来”等是趋向补语，结合动词表达更细致的方向。补语内部仍然体现“来”靠近基准，“去”远离基准。

“Come up,” “come down,” “go past,” “come over,” and similar constructions are directional complements that, when attached to verbs, express more refined directions. Inside the complements, they still reflect “come” approaching the reference and “go” moving away.

Rule
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Rule
Example
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Example
“过来”是动作向基准靠近。
“Come over” means the action moves toward the reference.
👋请你过来一下。
Please come over for a moment. 👋
“过去”是动作离开基准。
“Go past” means the action moves away from the reference.
🚶‍♂️他走过去了。
He walked past. 🚶‍♂️
“下来”是从高处向基准靠近。
“Come down” means moving toward the reference from above.
🐦鸟飞下来了。
A bird flew down. 🐦
“上去”是向高处并远离基准。
“Go up” means moving toward a higher place and away from the reference.
🧗‍♂️他爬上去了。
He climbed up. 🧗‍♂️

时空叙述

叙述中过去或未来的事件，基准可以随视角变化。讲故事时，叙述者设定的“现场”常作为“来”的终点。

In narration of past or future events, the reference point can shift with perspective. In storytelling, the scene set by the narrator often serves as the endpoint of “come.”

Rule
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Example
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Example
叙述设定的场景可以成为“来”的终点。
The scene set by the narration can be the endpoint of “come.”
📅那天他也来了。
That day he also came. 📅
时间推进中，新的情节也可用“来”引入。
As time progresses, new plot developments can also be introduced with “come.”
🧑后来又来了一个人。
Later another person came. 🧑

小结对照

“来”指向说话人或设定基准，表达靠近。“去”指向离开说话人或基准，表达远离。正确区分基准，就能自然选择“来”或“去”。

“Come” points to the speaker or the established reference, expressing proximity. “Go” points away from the speaker or the reference, expressing distance. Correctly distinguishing the reference allows natural choice of “come” or “go.”

Word/Phrase
🇬🇧 English
Word/Phrase
Definition
🇬🇧 English
Definition
Example
🇬🇧 English
Example
来
Come
“来”指向说话人或心理基准。
“Come” points to the speaker or mental reference.
🚗你现在来这里。
Come here now. 🚗
去
Go
“去”指向远离说话人或心理基准。
“Go” points to moving away from the speaker or mental reference.
🚙我现在去那里。
I’m going there now. 🚙