好 hǎo vs 忙 máng —— 好 vs 忙
本模块比较汉语中的两个常见词汇：好（hǎo）和忙（máng），帮助学习者理解它们的意义、用法和区别。
词音对比
‘好’读作 hǎo，第三声。‘忙’读作 máng，第二声。音调不同决定了词义不同。
The word 'hǎo' is pronounced with the third tone. The word 'máng' is pronounced with the second tone. The tonal difference determines different word meanings.
Word | 🇬🇧 English Word | Notation | 🇬🇧 English Notation | Description | 🇬🇧 English Description | Example | 🇬🇧 English Example |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
好 | 好 | hǎo (3) | hǎo (3) | This is the third tone, which falls and then rises. | This is the third tone, which falls and then rises. |  你好 | Hello 👋 |
忙 | 忙 | máng (2) | máng (2) | This is the second tone, which rises. | This is the second tone, which rises. |  我很忙 | I'm very busy 🏃 |
‘好’含义
‘好’常表示好处、好的状态或感觉、友好，也可作“可以”的意思。具体含义常由上下文决定。
'Hǎo' commonly indicates a benefit, a good state or feeling, friendliness, and can also mean 'can' or 'okay'. The exact meaning is usually determined by context.
Word/Phrase | 🇬🇧 English Word/Phrase | Definition | 🇬🇧 English Definition | Example | 🇬🇧 English Example |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
好 | hǎo | ‘好’表示好的状态或评价。 | ‘hǎo’ expresses a good state or evaluation. |  这个菜很好 | This dish is very good 😋 |
好 | hǎo | ‘好’表示可以或同意。 | ‘hǎo’ means can or agree. |  好，我们走吧 | Okay, let’s go 👍 |
好 | hǎo | ‘好’表示友好或亲切。 | ‘hǎo’ expresses friendliness or cordiality. |  你好，欢迎！ | Hello, welcome!🤝 |
‘忙’含义
‘忙’表示有很多事情要做，没有空闲时间。它描述状态，通常和“很”一起用来加强语气。
'Máng' indicates there are many things to do, with no free time. It describes a state and is usually used with 'hěn' to intensify tone.
Word/Phrase | 🇬🇧 English Word/Phrase | Definition | 🇬🇧 English Definition | Example | 🇬🇧 English Example |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
忙 | máng | ‘忙’表示事情多，时间紧。 | ‘Máng’ indicates many things to do, tight schedule. |  今天我很忙 | Today I am very busy 🗓️ |
忙 | máng | ‘忙’表示正在做事，抽不开身。 | ‘Máng’ indicates currently busy, cannot spare time. |  我在忙，等一下 | I am busy, hold on 📞 |
词性对比
‘好’可以作形容词，也可以在口语中作叹词。‘忙’一般作形容词，有时也可作动词，表示赶着做某事。
'Hǎo' can function as an adjective and sometimes as an interjection in spoken language. 'Máng' is generally an adjective, sometimes also a verb, meaning to be busy doing something.
Rule | 🇬🇧 English Rule | Example | 🇬🇧 English Example |
|---|---|---|---|
‘好’作形容词可以修饰名词或作表语。 | 'hǎo' as an adjective can modify a noun or serve as a predicate. |  今天的天气很好 | Today's weather is very good 🌤️ |
‘好’作叹词表示同意或回应。 | 'hǎo' as an interjection expresses agreement or a response. | A：明天见。B：好 | A: See you tomorrow. B: Okay 👋 |
‘忙’作形容词表示人状态。 | 'máng' as an adjective expresses a person's state. |  她最近很忙 | She has been very busy lately 📅 |
‘忙’作动词表示赶着做事。 | 'máng' as a verb means to be rushing to do something. |  他忙着写报告 | He is busy writing a report 🖊️ |
常见搭配
‘好’常和“很”“不”“得”搭配。‘忙’常和“很”“太”“正在”搭配。这些搭配让表达更自然。
'Hǎo' commonly collocates with 'hěn', 'bù', and 'de'. 'Máng' commonly collocates with 'hěn', 'tài', and 'zhèngzài'. These collocations make expressions more natural.
Word/Phrase | 🇬🇧 English Word/Phrase | Definition | 🇬🇧 English Definition | Example | 🇬🇧 English Example |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
很好 | 很好 | ‘很好’表示程度高，评价积极。 | ‘Very good’ expresses a high degree and positive evaluation. |  你的中文很好 | Your Chinese is very good 🏅 |
不好 | 不好 | ‘不好’表示评价不高。 | ‘Not good’ expresses a low evaluation. |  今天我觉得不好 | I don’t feel well today 😕 |
好得多 | 好得多 | ‘好得多’表示相比之下更好。 | ‘Much better’ indicates being better by comparison. |  现在好得多了 | It’s much better now 😊 |
很忙 | 很忙 | ‘很忙’表示忙的程度高。 | ‘Very busy’ expresses a high degree of busyness. |  他这周很忙 | He is very busy this week 🏃♂️ |
太忙 | 太忙 | ‘太忙’表示超过了合适的忙。 | ‘Too busy’ indicates more than appropriate busy. |  我最近太忙了 | I've been too busy lately 😵 |
正在忙 | 正在忙 | ‘正在忙’表示此时在忙。 | ‘Currently busy’ indicates being busy at this moment. |  我们正在忙 | We are busy right now 🔧 |
句子位置
‘好’和‘忙’常在“主语＋很＋形容词”结构中作表语。‘好’也常在问候和应答中单独出现。
'Hǎo' and 'máng' commonly appear as the predicate in the 'subject + hěn + adjective' structure. 'Hǎo' also commonly appears alone in greetings and responses.
Rule | 🇬🇧 English Rule | Example | 🇬🇧 English Example |
|---|---|---|---|
“主语＋很＋好”表达状态。 | “Subject + hěn + hǎo” expresses a state. |  我今天很好 | I feel very good today 🙂 |
“主语＋很＋忙”表达状态。 | “Subject + hěn + máng” expresses a state. |  妈妈最近很忙 | Mom has been very busy lately 👜 |
问候中用“你好”。 | In greetings use 'Hello'. |  你好，早上好 | Hello, good morning ☀️ |
应答中用“好”。 | In responses use 'hǎo'. |  A：请进。B：好 | A: Please come in. B: Okay 🚪 |
语义区别
‘好’描述评价或感觉，侧重于状态的优劣。‘忙’描述时间安排，侧重于事务的多少和空闲的多少。它们不互换。
'Hǎo' describes evaluation or feeling, focusing on the quality of the state. 'Máng' describes time management, focusing on the amount of tasks and free time. They are not interchangeable.
Rule | 🇬🇧 English Rule | Example | 🇬🇧 English Example |
|---|---|---|---|
‘好’用来表达感觉或情况优。 | ‘Hǎo’ is used to express good feelings or situations. |  我考得很好 | I did very well on my exam 📝 |
‘忙’用来表达事务多。 | ‘Máng’ is used to express many tasks. |  这几天我很忙 | These days I am very busy 📚 |
不能用‘忙’替代‘好’来表达心情好。 | Cannot use 'máng' to replace 'hǎo' to express mood. |  （保留原例）我今天很忙（这表达时间紧，不是心情好） | (Keep the original example) I am very busy today (this expresses time, not mood) 😅 |
不能用‘好’替代‘忙’来表达事情多。 | Cannot use 'hǎo' to replace 'máng' to express many things. |  （保留原例）我今天很好（这表达状态好，不是事情多） | (Keep the original example) I feel very good today (this expresses state, not quantity) 😌 |
常见情境
‘好’常见于问候、评价、同意。‘忙’常见于说明原因、推辞、安排行程。在对话中选择合适的词能传达准确的意思。
'Hǎo' is common in greetings, evaluations, and agreement. 'Máng' is common in explaining reasons, declining, and arranging schedules. Choosing the right word in a dialogue can convey precise meaning.
Word/Phrase | 🇬🇧 English Word/Phrase | Definition | 🇬🇧 English Definition | Example | 🇬🇧 English Example |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
你好 | 你好 | ‘你好’用于见面打招呼。 | ‘Hello’ is used to greet when meeting. | 你好，我是李明 | Hello, I am Li Ming 👋 |
好 | 好 | ‘好’用于同意或答应。 | ‘Hǎo’ is used to express agreement or assent. | 好，我马上来 | Okay, I’ll be right there 🏃 |
很忙 | 很忙 | ‘很忙’用于说明没有时间。 | ‘Very busy’ is used to indicate having no time. |  对不起，我今天很忙 | Sorry, I’m very busy today 🙇 |
忙着 | 忙着 | ‘忙着’用于说明正在处理事情。 | ‘Busy (doing something)’ is used to indicate you are currently handling things. |  我忙着准备考试 | I’m busy preparing for exams 📖 |
小结对比
‘好’表达状态优或同意，常用于评价和应答。‘忙’表达事务多，常用于说明时间紧。区分音调和语义是正确表达的基础。
'Hǎo' expresses a favorable state or agreement, commonly used in evaluations and responses. 'Máng' expresses many tasks, commonly used to indicate tight schedules. Distinguishing tone and semantics is the foundation of correct expression.