Infinitives in German are the base forms of verbs, usually ending in -en or -n (e.g., machen, sein). They are essential for understanding how verbs function beyond simple conjugation, appearing in verb clusters, after certain modal verbs, and in various grammatical constructions.
- The German infinitive is the unmarked, "dictionary" form of the verb.
- Regular verbs usually end in -en (e.g., spielen, arbeiten).
- Infinitives are used after auxiliary and modal verbs, in sentence-final positions in subordinate clauses, and in many common expressions.
German infinitives typically end in -en or -n.
German infinitives are used after modal verbs, in verb clusters, as dictionary forms, and in some subordinate clauses.
Use and Structure
German infinitives are used after modal verbs, in split verb constructions, and in certain set expressions.
The infinitive is the basic form of the verb, typically ending in -en (e.g., machen, spielen, arbeiten). It functions as a non-conjugated form used in various grammatical contexts:
- After modal verbs: Ich möchte schlafen. (I want to sleep.)
- In compound verb forms: Er fängt an zu lesen. (He starts to read.)
- In expressions: Es ist wichtig zu lernen. (It is important to learn.)
| Context | Example (Infinitive) | Translation |
|---|---|---|
| After Modal Verbs | ... zu machen ... | ... to do ... |
| Auxiliary Constructions | ... anzufangen ... | ... to start ... |
| Set Expressions | ... zu sein ... | ... to be ... |
Infinitives serve as the base form, appear in verb chains, follow modal verbs, and can form verbal nouns.
Conclusion
German infinitives are the core verb forms used in many key constructions beyond simple conjugation.
- Infinitives end in -en/-n and appear after modals, in verb chains, and set phrases.
- Recognizing infinitives unlocks understanding of complex sentence structures.
- Mastery of infinitives is essential for progressing in German grammar.