Coordinating conjunctions connect components with the same structure, which can be words, phrases, or clauses. After coordination, the parts are grammatically equal and do not indicate sequence, causation, or contrast. Common coordinating conjunctions include 'and', 'with', 'and', and 'as well as'.

'And' is commonly used to connect nouns, pronouns, or noun phrases, and can also connect verb phrases or adjective phrases. It is common in both spoken and written language with a natural tone. When connecting sentences, symmetry of structure is usually required, often echoed with 'also'.

'Gēn' can coordinate components and can also express a meaning similar to 'and'. When used for coordination, it is common in speech, with a more colloquial tone than 'yǔ'. It can also introduce a comparison structure like 'gēn...yīyàng', but that is not a coordinating usage.

'Yǔ' is commonly used in formal writing, connecting nouns, phrases, or sentences. The style is fairly formal and common in news, notices, and scholarly expressions. In speech, it is usually replaced by 'hé' or 'gēn'.

'Yǐjí' is used to connect the last item in a list of parallel elements, often paired with '、' or 'and'. The tone is more enumerative than 'and', commonly found in written language and more formal contexts. When connecting sentences, it is mostly used for enumerating or adding information.

When using coordinating conjunctions, the connected elements should maintain structural symmetry. Coordinating like parts is most natural; when coordinating sentences, tense and mood are usually kept consistent. In formal writing, asymmetrical structure can affect clarity.

When listing multiple nouns in parallel, commas are typically used to separate items; 'and' or 'as well as' usually comes between the last two items. Commas are more for written lists; 'and' suits simple spoken lists; 'as well as' suits formal or complete enumeration.

Within a single sentence, you can use coordinating conjunctions to connect two predicates, two objects, or two adverbials. Common structures include 'subject + predicate1 and predicate2' or 'verb + object1 and object2'. After coordination, the rest of the sentence is typically shared.

Coordinating conjunctions can also connect two complete sentences to express parallel information. In everyday speech, 'and' connects simple sentences; in writing, 'and' or comma-based coordination can be used. Inter-sentence coordination does not indicate causation or contrast, only parallelism.

'and' is suitable for everyday communication; 'with' is more colloquial; 'and'/'and' and 'as well as' are more common in written language. 'as well as' is common in formal enumerations; 'and' is common in formal comparisons or unions. 'and' and 'with' sound more natural in speech and do not emphasize a complete enumeration.