所有格形容词
中文所有格形容词模块介绍所有格形容词的用法，包括我的、你的、他的等，帮助你表达所有关系。
所有格定义
所有格用来表达某物属于某人。中文常用的所有格形式是“的”，也有不加“的”的情况。所有格形容词相当于英语的my、your、his、her等，在句子中修饰名词。
Possessives express that something belongs to someone. The common possessive form in Chinese is the particle 'de' (的), though there are cases where it's not used. Possessive adjectives correspond to English my, your, his, her, etc., and modify the noun in a sentence.
规则 | 🇬🇧 English Rule | 例句 | 🇬🇧 English Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|
使用“的”表达所属关系。 | Use 'de' to express possession. |  这是我的书。 | This is my book. 📚 |
所有格形容词放在名词前面。 | Possessive adjectives precede the noun. |  你的手机在桌子上。 | Your phone is on the table. 📱 |
人称对照
中文常用的所有格形容词有：我的、你的、他的、她的、它的、我们的、你们的、他们的、她们的、它们的。它们对应不同的人称和数量。
The commonly used possessive adjectives in Chinese are: my, your, his, her, its, our, your (plural), their, their (plural). They correspond to different persons and numbers.
词语 | 🇬🇧 English Word | 定义 | 🇬🇧 English Definition | 例句 | 🇬🇧 English Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
我的 | 我的 | “我”拥有某物。 | I own something. |  我的家在这里。 | My home is here. 🏠 |
你的 | 你的 | “你”拥有某物。 | You own something. |  你的朋友来了。 | Your friend has arrived. 🚗 |
他的 | 他的 | “他”拥有某物。 | He owns something. |  他的电脑很新。 | His computer is new. 💻 |
她的 | 她的 | “她”拥有某物。 | She owns something. |  她的老师很友好。 | Her teacher is very friendly. 👩🏫 |
它的 | 它的 | “它”拥有某物。 | It owns something. |  它的名字叫小白。 | Its name is Xiao Bai. 🐶 |
复数形式
“我们”、“你们”、“他们”、“她们”、“它们”表示复数，对应的所有格是“我们的”、“你们的”、“他们的”、“她们的”、“它们的”。这些词用法和单数类似，依然修饰名词。
The plural pronouns 'we', 'you all', 'they', 'they (feminine)', and 'they (neuter/objects)' indicate plurality. The corresponding possessives are 'our', 'your', 'their', 'their', and 'their'. These words behave similarly to the singular forms and still modify nouns.
词语 | 🇬🇧 English Word | 定义 | 🇬🇧 English Definition | 例句 | 🇬🇧 English Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
我们的 | 我们的 | “我们”拥有某物。 | We own something. |  我们的学校很大。 | Our school is big. 🏫 |
你们的 | 你们的 | “你们”拥有某物。 | You all own something. |  你们的座位在前面。 | Your seats are in front. 🎫 |
他们的 | 他们的 | “他们”拥有某物。 | They own something. |  他们的汉语很好。 | Their Chinese is good. 🎉 |
她们的 | 她们的 | “她们”拥有某物。 | They (feminine) own something. |  她们的计划很清楚。 | Their plans are clear. 📝 |
它们的 | 它们的 | “它们”拥有某物。 | They (neuter/objects) own something. |  它们的颜色很漂亮。 | Their colors are beautiful. 🌈 |
“的”的位置
在中文中，所有格通常用“的”连接代词和名词，结构是“代词+的+名词”。“的”也可以连接名词短语，表示所属关系。这个结构在口语和书面语中都很常见。
In Chinese, possessives are typically formed by connecting the pronoun to the noun with 'de', following the structure 'pronoun + de + noun'. 'De' can also connect noun phrases to indicate possession. This structure is common in both spoken and written language.
规则 | 🇬🇧 English Rule | 例句 | 🇬🇧 English Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|
代词加“的”放在名词前面。 | Pronouns + 'de' precede the noun. |  这是你的书包。 | This is your bag. 🎒 |
名词短语加“的”表示所属。 | Noun phrase + 'de' indicates possession. |  这是老师的办公室。 | This is the teacher's office. 🏢 |
省略“的”
在亲属关系、固定搭配或紧密关系中，常常可以省略“的”。省略“的”后，表达更自然，但意思不变。是否省略取决于习惯和语感。
In kinship terms, fixed expressions, or close relationships, 'de' is often omitted. Omitting 'de' makes expressions more natural, but the meaning remains the same. Whether to omit depends on habit and sense.
规则 | 🇬🇧 English Rule | 例句 | 🇬🇧 English Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|
亲属称呼前常省略“的”。 | Omitting the 'de' before kin terms. |  这是我妈妈的菜。 | This is my mother's dish. 🥗 |
“家”前常省略“的”。 | 'De' before 'home' is often omitted. |  我家很快乐。 | My family is very happy. 😊 |
名字后面常不加“的”。 | After a name, 'de' is often not added. |  小王手机在这儿。 | Xiao Wang's phone is here. 📞 |
性别区分
“他的”和“她的”在书写上区分性别，“他”用于男性，“她”用于女性。口语发音相同，但书面语需要区别字形。
'His' and 'her' distinguish gender in writing; 'he' is used for males, 'she' for females. They are pronounced the same in speech, but the written forms need to be distinguished.
规则 | 🇬🇧 English Rule | 例句 | 🇬🇧 English Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|
男性用“他的”表示所有。 | Male: use 'his' to indicate possession. |  他的同学在外面。 | His classmate is outside. 🚶 |
女性用“她的”表示所有。 | Female: use 'her' to indicate possession. |  她的书在教室里。 | Her book is in the classroom. 📒 |
动物和事物
“它的”用于动物、物品或没有特指人的对象。“它们的”用于多个动物或物品。选择“它”而不是“他”或“她”，是因为不指代人。
'Its' is used for animals, objects, or non-specific referents. 'Their' is used for multiple animals or objects. Choose 'it' rather than 'he' or 'she' because it does not refer to people.
规则 | 🇬🇧 English Rule | 例句 | 🇬🇧 English Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|
动物常用“它的”表示所有。 | Animals commonly use 'its' to indicate possession. |  它的尾巴很长。 | Its tail is very long. 🦊 |
物品用“它的”表示所有。 | Objects use 'its' to indicate possession. |  它的功能很强。 | Its function is strong. 🔋 |
名词性所有格
名词也可以做所有格，结构是“名词+的+名词”，表示前面的名词拥有后面的名词。这个用法和代词所有格结构一致。
Nouns can also be possessive; the structure is 'noun + de + noun', indicating that the first noun owns the second noun. This usage is in line with pronoun possessive forms.
规则 | 🇬🇧 English Rule | 例句 | 🇬🇧 English Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|
名词加“的”表示所属关系。 | Noun + 'de' indicates possession. |  这是老师的书。 | This is the teacher's book. 📖 |
组织名称加“的”表示所属。 | Organization name + 'de' indicates possession. |  这是学校的活动。 | This is the school's activity. 🎈 |
固定搭配
有些表达习惯上形成固定搭配，常常不用“的”，比如“我家”、“你爸”、“她妈”。这些搭配在日常对话中出现频率很高。
Some expressions form fixed collocations by convention and often do not use 'de', such as 'my home', 'your dad', 'her mom'. These collocations occur very frequently in everyday conversation.
词语 | 🇬🇧 English Word | 定义 | 🇬🇧 English Definition | 例句 | 🇬🇧 English Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
我家 | 我家 | “我”的家庭或住所。 | 'my' family or home. |  我家有一只猫。 | My home has a cat. 🐱 |
你爸 | 你爸 | “你”的父亲。 | 'your' father. |  你爸下班了吗？ | Has your dad finished work? 🚙 |
她妈 | 她妈 | “她”的母亲。 | 'her' mother. |  她妈会做饭。 | Her mom can cook. 🍳 |
整体总结
中文所有格常用“的”连接，核心形式是“我的、你的、他的、她的、它的”。亲属关系和高紧密度短语可以省略“的”，名词也可以用“的”表达所属。掌握这些规则可以稳定表达所有关系。
Chinese possessives are commonly joined by 'de'; the core forms are 'my, your, his, her, its'. Kinship terms and very close phrases can omit 'de'; nouns can also use 'de' to express possession. Mastering these rules helps to express all possessive relationships reliably.