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时间副词

中文的时间副词模块涵盖表示时间的副词，如

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时间副词

时间副词在句中表示动作发生的时间。时间副词可以放在句首，也可以放在主语后。常用时间副词有“今天”“昨天”“明天”“现在”“刚才”“一会儿”“马上”“已经”“还”“常常”“有时候”“以前”“以后”。

Time adverbs indicate the time when an action occurs in a sentence. Time adverbs can appear at the beginning of a sentence or after the subject. Common time adverbs include "today", "yesterday", "tomorrow", "now", "just now", "in a moment", "immediately", "already", "still", "often", "sometimes", "before", and "after".

Word/Phrase
🇬🇧 English
Word/Phrase
Definition
🇬🇧 English
Definition
Example
🇬🇧 English
Example
🗓️今天
Today 🗓️
“今天”表示说话的这一天。
"Today" denotes the day of the speaker.
🗓️今天我很忙。
Today I am busy. 🗓️
🌙昨天
Yesterday 🌙
“昨天”表示今天的前一天。
"Yesterday" denotes the day before today.
🌙昨天我在家。
Yesterday I was at home. 🌙
🌅明天
Tomorrow 🌅
“明天”表示今天的后一天。
"Tomorrow" denotes the day after today.
🌅明天我去学校。
Tomorrow I will go to school. 🌅
🕒现在
Now 🕒
“现在”表示说话的这一刻。
"Now" denotes the moment of speaking.
🕒现在我在吃饭。
Now I am eating. 🕒
⏳刚才
Just now ⏳
“刚才”表示离现在很近的过去。
"Just now" denotes a past very close to the present.
⏳刚才你打电话了。
Just now someone looked for you. 🚪
⏱️一会儿
In a Moment ⏱️
“一会儿”表示很快的将来或短时间。
"In a moment" denotes a near-future action or a short time.
⏱️一会儿我们出发。
We will depart in a moment. ⏱️
🚦马上
Immediately 🚦
“马上”表示动作很快就发生。
"Immediately" denotes that the action will happen very soon.
🚦我马上回来。
I’ll be right back. 🚦
📌已经
Already 📌
“已经”表示某事在说话时之前完成。
"Already" indicates that something was completed before the time of speaking.
📌我已经吃过了。
I've already eaten. 📌
🔄还
Still 🔄
“还”表示某事继续存在或还没有变化。
"Still" indicates that something continues or has not changed.
🔄他还在睡觉。
He is still sleeping. 🔄
🔁常常
Often 🔁
“常常”表示动作经常发生。
"Often" indicates that an action happens frequently.
🔁我常常读书。
I often read. 🔁
☁️有时候
Sometimes ☁️
“有时候”表示动作偶尔发生。
"Sometimes" indicates that an action happens occasionally.
☁️有时候我很忙。
Sometimes I am very busy. ☁️
⬅️以前
Before ⬅️
“以前”表示过去的时间。
"Before" indicates a time in the past.
⬅️我以前住在北京。
I used to live in Beijing. ⬅️
➡️以后
After ➡️
“以后”表示将来的时间。
"After" indicates a future time.
➡️以后我会注意。
I will pay attention in the future. ➡️

基本顺序

时间副词常放在句首，强调时间。时间副词也可以放在主语后，语气更自然。一个句子中可以有多个时间成分，短的时间副词一般靠近动词。

Time adverbs are usually placed at the beginning of the sentence to emphasize time. They can also come after the subject to sound more natural. A sentence can contain multiple time elements; shorter time adverbs are generally placed closer to the verb.

Rule
🇬🇧 English
Rule
Example
🇬🇧 English
Example
时间副词可以放在句首。
Time adverbs can be placed at the beginning of the sentence.
📅明天我去看你。
Tomorrow I will visit you. 📅
时间副词可以放在主语后。
Time adverbs can be placed after the subject.
👤我明天去看你。
I will visit you tomorrow. 👤
短时间副词常靠近动词。
Short-time adverbs are usually near the verb.
🏠我现在在家。
I am at home now. 🏠

“已经”

“已经”表示动作或状态在说话时之前完成，常和“了”搭配。否定时常用“还没”，不用“已经没”。“已经”一般放在主语后，也可以放在句首。

"Already" indicates that something was completed before the time of speaking, often used with the particle 'le'. In negation, 'not yet' is used; do not use 'already not'. 'Already' is usually placed after the subject, though it can appear at the beginning of a sentence.

Rule
🇬🇧 English
Rule
Example
🇬🇧 English
Example
“已经”表示事情完成，常和“了”连用。
"Already" indicates completion of something, usually with 'le'.
✅我已经吃饭了。
I have already eaten. ✅
否定完成用“还没”，不用“已经没”。
To negate completion use 'not yet'; do not use 'already not'.
⏲️我还没吃饭。
I haven't eaten yet. ⏲️
“已经”可以放句首表示强调。
"Already" can be placed at the start for emphasis.
⏰已经十点了。
Already it's ten o'clock. ⏰

“还”

“还”表示动作或状态继续，没有结束。也可以表示“另外”或“再”，但在时间副词里主要表示持续。“还”常放在主语后，靠近动词或形容词。

"Still" indicates that an action or state continues without ending. It can also mean 'in addition' or 'again', but in time adverbs it mainly expresses continuation. "Still" is usually placed after the subject, near the verb or adjective.

Rule
🇬🇧 English
Rule
Example
🇬🇧 English
Example
“还”表示状态持续。
"Still" indicates that a state continues.
🌧️外面还在下雨。
Outside it is still raining. 🌧️
“还”表示动作没有发生完。
"Still" indicates an unfinished action.
⏳他还没回来。
He still hasn't returned. ⏳
“还”靠近动词或形容词。
"Still" is placed near the verb or adjective.
😴我还很累。
I still feel tired. 😴

“刚才”

“刚才”表示离现在很近的过去，通常指几分钟前到几十分钟前。“刚才”常放在句首或主语后，表达刚发生过的事。“刚才”不和“了”强制搭配，但可以一起用。

"Just now" indicates a past moment that is very close to the present; it usually refers to minutes or moments ago. It can appear at the start of the sentence or after the subject; it does not have to be paired with 'le', but can be used together.

Rule
🇬🇧 English
Rule
Example
🇬🇧 English
Example
“刚才”表示很近的过去。
"Just now" indicates a very recent past.
🚪刚才有人找你。
Just now someone looked for you. 🚪
“刚才”可以放在主语后。
"Just now" can be placed after the subject.
🗨️你刚才说什么？
What did you just say? 🗨️
“刚才”可以和“了”一起出现。
"Just now" can appear with 'le'.
🚶我刚才出去了。
I just went out. 🚶

“一会儿”与“马上”

“一会儿”表示短时间后，不一定立刻。“马上”表示几乎立刻，语气更快。“一会儿”多用于计划或建议，“马上”多用于强烈的意图或反应。

"In a moment" indicates soon but not immediate; "Immediately" indicates almost immediately with a stronger sense of immediacy. "In a moment" is often used for plans or suggestions, while "Immediately" is used for strong intent or response.

Rule
🇬🇧 English
Rule
Example
🇬🇧 English
Example
“一会儿”表示很快但不是立刻。
"In a moment" indicates soon but not immediately.
📞一会儿我给你打电话。
In a moment I will call you. 📞
“马上”表示几乎立刻。
"Immediately" indicates almost immediately.
📲我马上给你打电话。
I will call you right away. 📲

频率副词

“常常”表示经常发生，“有时候”表示偶尔发生。频率副词通常放在主语后，修饰动词。“常常”比“有时候”出现的频率高。

"Often" indicates that something happens frequently, "Sometimes" indicates that it happens occasionally. Frequency adverbs are usually placed after the subject, modifying the verb. "Often" tends to appear more often than "Sometimes".

Rule
🇬🇧 English
Rule
Example
🇬🇧 English
Example
“常常”表示经常发生。
"Often" indicates that something happens frequently.
🌅我常常早起。
I often wake up early. 🌅
“有时候”表示偶尔发生。
"Sometimes" indicates that it happens occasionally.
🌙我有时候晚睡。
Sometimes I stay up late. 🌙
频率副词常放主语后。
Frequency adverbs are usually placed after the subject.
🔑他有时候忘记带钥匙。
He sometimes forgets to bring the keys. 🔑

“以前”“以后”

“以前”表示过去某个时间点之前，“以后”表示某个时间点之后。可以和具体时间一起用，也可以单独用。“以前”和“以后”常放在句首或主语后。

"Before" refers to past time, "After" refers to future time. They can be used with specific times or alone. They are commonly placed at the beginning of a sentence or after the subject.

Rule
🇬🇧 English
Rule
Example
🇬🇧 English
Example
“以前”表示过去的时间。
"Before" refers to past time.
☕以前我不喝咖啡。
I used to drink coffee before. ☕
“以后”表示将来的时间。
"After" refers to future time.
⏰以后我早点来。
I will be careful after. ⏰
可以和具体时间一起用。
Can be used with a specific time.
🕙十点以后可以进来。
You can come in after ten o'clock. 🕙

组合时间

时间副词可以和时间短语一起用，先大后小。一天内可以用“现在”“刚才”“一会儿”等配合具体时刻。句子中有多个时间成分时，逻辑顺序清晰最重要。

Time adverbs can be used with time phrases, placed from larger to smaller units. In a day, you can use words like "now", "just now", or "in a moment" together with a specific time. When a sentence has multiple time components, the logical order should be clear.

Rule
🇬🇧 English
Rule
Example
🇬🇧 English
Example
时间表达一般先大后小。
Time expressions generally go from big to small.
📚明天早上八点我有课。
Tomorrow morning at eight I have class. 📚
时间副词可以配合具体时刻。
Time adverbs can pair with specific times.
🕒今天下午三点以后我有空。
Today after three o'clock I am free. 🕒
有多个时间成分时注意逻辑顺序。
When there are multiple time components, the logical order matters most.
🌤️刚才下雨，现在晴了。
Just now it rained; now it's sunny. 🌤️

口语特点

口语中“现在”常省略，直接用正在发生的动作。“刚才”“一会儿”在对话里用得多，表达时间感更灵活。“马上”常带命令或承诺色彩，语气较强。

In speech, 'now' is often omitted; people express ongoing actions directly. 'Just now' and 'in a moment' are commonly used in conversation, making the sense of time more flexible. 'Immediately' often carries a commanding or promise-like tone, and the mood is stronger.

Rule
🇬🇧 English
Rule
Example
🇬🇧 English
Example
口语中“现在”可以省略。
In speech, the word 'now' is often omitted.
🏃我在忙。
I’m busy. 🏃
“刚才”“一会儿”在对话中常用。
'Just now' and 'in a moment' are commonly used in conversation.
👋一会儿见。
See you in a moment. 👋
“马上”常用来表达承诺。
'Immediately' is often used to express a promise.
🙋好，我马上做。
Okay, I’ll do it right away. 🙋