数字与序数
中文中的数字与序数模块涵盖基数、序数、时间中的数字使用及相关规则。学习如何正确读写数字，理解序数词以及在日期和时间中的应用。
一到十
中文的一到十是数字系统的基础。每个数字有固定的汉字写法和常见发音，广泛用于计数和表达数量。掌握一到十为更大数字和序数打下基础。
The Chinese numbers from one to ten form the foundation of the numeric system. Each number has a fixed character form and common pronunciation, widely used for counting and expressing quantities. Mastery of one to ten lays the groundwork for larger numbers and ordinals.
Word/Phrase | 🇬🇧 English Word/Phrase | Definition | 🇬🇧 English Definition | Example | 🇬🇧 English Example |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
一 | One | 数字1。 | Number 1. |  我有一只猫。 | I have one cat. 🐱 |
二 | Two | 数字2。 | Number 2. |  他有二本书。 | He has two books. 📚 |
三 | Three | 数字3。 | Number 3. |  她买了三杯茶。 | She bought three cups of tea. 🍵 |
四 | Four | 数字4。 | Number 4. |  我们四个人来。 | We four people came. 🧑🤝🧑 |
五 | Five | 数字5。 | Number 5. |  房间有五把椅子。 | The room has five chairs. 🪑 |
六 | Six | 数字6。 | Number 6. |  他们六点起床。 | They get up at six o'clock. ⏰ |
七 | Seven | 数字7。 | Number 7. |  今天七号。 | Today is the 7th. 📆 |
八 | Eight | 数字8。 | Number 8. |  我八点上课。 | I have class at eight o'clock. 🕗 |
九 | Nine | 数字9。 | Number 9. |  他九岁了。 | He is nine years old. 🎂 |
十 | Ten | 数字10。 | Number 10. |  十分钟后见。 | See you in ten minutes. ⏲️ |
十和整十
“十”在中文中可以表示10，也可以作为十位的组成部分。整十用“十、二十、三十”等结构表达，规则性强，常见于年龄、时间和数量。
The character 'ten' in Chinese can denote 10 and also serve as a component of the tens place. Round tens are expressed with structures like 'ten, twenty, thirty', with clear regularity, commonly used for age, time, and quantity.
Rule | 🇬🇧 English Rule | Example | 🇬🇧 English Example |
|---|---|---|---|
十表示10。 | Ten represents 10. |  现在是十点。 | Now is ten o'clock. 🕙 |
二十表示20。 | Twenty represents 20. |  班上有二十个人。 | There are twenty people in the class. 👥 |
三十表示30。 | Thirty represents 30. |  他三十岁。 | He is thirty years old. 🎉 |
四十表示40。 | Forty represents 40. |  四十分钟后出发。 | Leave after forty minutes. 🚌 |
十一到十九
十一到十九用“十＋一”“十＋二”类结构。中文直接在“十”后加个位数字，读写简洁，不插连词。
Eleven to nineteen are formed with the 'ten + digit' structure. In Chinese you simply add the unit digit after 'ten' without conjunctions.
Rule | 🇬🇧 English Rule | Example | 🇬🇧 English Example |
|---|---|---|---|
十一到十九用“十＋数字”表达。 | Eleven to nineteen are expressed as 'ten + digit'. |  今天是十四号。 | Today is the fourteenth. 📅 |
十七表示17。 | Seventeen represents 17. |  他十七岁。 | She is seventeen years old. 🧑 |
十九表示19。 | Nineteen represents 19. |  我们十九点到。 | We will arrive at 7:00 PM. 🕖 |
二十到九十九
二十到九十九用“×十”和“×十＋y”两类结构。前面是几十，后面加几，类似“二十三＝二十＋三”。
Twenty to ninety-nine use two structures: '×10' and '×10 + y'. The front part is the tens, the back adds a digit, e.g., '23 = 20 + 3'.
Rule | 🇬🇧 English Rule | Example | 🇬🇧 English Example |
|---|---|---|---|
“×十”表示20, 30等整十。 | '×10' represents tens like 20, 30, etc. | 明天三十号。 | Tomorrow is the 30th. 📆 |
“×十＋y”表示21到99的非整十。 | '×10 + y' represents non-round tens from 21 to 99. | 她二十五岁。 | She is twenty-five years old. 🎂 |
六十八表示68。 | Sixty-eight represents 68. |  票价六十八元。 | Ticket price is 68 yuan. 💴 |
九十九表示99。 | Ninety-nine represents 99. |  房间有九十九个人。 | There are ninety-nine people in the room. 🚶♂️ |
百和千
“百”和“千”分别表示100和1000，用于构成更大的数字。中文常用“几百”“几千”表达大致数量，也常见具体数如“一百”“一千”。
'Hundred' and 'Thousand' stand for 100 and 1000, used to form larger numbers. Chinese often use 'hundreds' or 'thousands' to express approximate quantities, and also use specific numbers such as 'one hundred' or 'one thousand'.
Word/Phrase | 🇬🇧 English Word/Phrase | Definition | 🇬🇧 English Definition | Example | 🇬🇧 English Example |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
百 | Hundred | 数字100。 | Number 100. |  这里有一百张票。 | There are one hundred tickets here. 🎫 |
千 | Thousand | 数字1000。 | Number 1000. |  一千个人参加。 | One thousand people attended. 🏟️ |
几百 | Several hundred | 大约几百。 | About several hundred. |  山上有几百棵树。 | There are several hundred trees on the mountain. 🌳 |
几千 | Several thousand | 大约几千。 | About several thousand. |  他收到几千条消息。 | He received several thousand messages. 📩 |
零的用法
“零”在中文中表示0，在多位数中用于跳过某一位。说电话号码、房间号和年份时，“零”单独读出，保持每一位清晰。
'Zero' in Chinese denotes 0, and is used to skip a digit in multi-digit numbers. When spelling phone numbers, room numbers, and years, each digit is read individually with 'zero' retained to keep every digit clear.
Rule | 🇬🇧 English Rule | Example | 🇬🇧 English Example |
|---|---|---|---|
“零”表示数字0。 | 'Zero' represents the digit 0. |  今天零度。 | Today is 0 degrees. 🥶 |
多位数中缺位用“零”。 | In multi-digit numbers, missing digits are filled with 'zero'. |  一百零一号。 | No. 101. 🔢 |
电话号码中每位单独读，“零”保留。 | In phone numbers, each digit is read separately, keeping 'zero'. |  我的号码是一三零五。 | My number is 1305. 📱 |
年份中可读出“零”。 | In years, 'zero' can be read. | 年份一九九零年。 | The year is 1990. 📆 |
序数词
中文序数常用“第＋数字”结构，如“第一”“第五”。“第”标记顺序，不改变后面数字的本身读音。
Chinese ordinals are often formed with the structure 'the + number', such as 'the first' and 'the fifth'. The word 'the' marks order and does not change the pronunciation of the following number.
Rule | 🇬🇧 English Rule | Example | 🇬🇧 English Example |
|---|---|---|---|
序数用“第＋数字”表示。 | Ordinals are expressed with 'the + number'. |  这是第一天。 | This is the first day. 🗓️ |
可接一到十。 | Can take one to ten. |  他是第三个。 | He is the third. 🧑🎓 |
可接更大数字。 | Can take larger numbers. | 今天是第二十五天。 | Today is the twenty-fifth day. 📅 |
序数可接名词。 | Ordinals can modify nouns. |  这是第六节课。 | This is the sixth period. 📖 |
日期表达
日期常用“月＋号”或“月＋日”，数字部分用基数词。口语常说“几号”，书面语常见“几日”，都不需要序数“第”。
Dates are commonly expressed as 'month + day' or 'month + date'; the numeric part uses cardinal numbers. In speech people say 'what date', and in writing 'what day of the month'; neither requires the ordinal 'the'.
Rule | 🇬🇧 English Rule | Example | 🇬🇧 English Example |
|---|---|---|---|
日期用“几月几号”表达。 | Dates are expressed as 'month day'. | 今天是五月七号。 | Today is May 7th. 📆 |
日期中的数字用基数词。 | Numbers in dates use cardinal numbers. |  明天是十一号。 | Tomorrow is the 11th. ⏳ |
书面可用“几日”。 | Written forms may use 'the Xth day'. |  报名截止到十二日。 | Registration ends on the 12th. 📝 |
“第”一般不用在日期。 | 'The' is generally not used in dates. |  会议是八月十五号。 | The meeting is on August 15th. 🎤 |
时间表达
时间通常用“点”表示小时，“分”表示分钟，数字部分用基数词。“半”表示30分钟，“刻”可表示15分钟，在口语中常见。
Time is usually expressed with 'o'clock' for hours and 'minutes' for minutes; digits use cardinal numbers. 'Half' denotes 30 minutes, and 'quarter' can denote 15 minutes, commonly used in spoken language.
Rule | 🇬🇧 English Rule | Example | 🇬🇧 English Example |
|---|---|---|---|
小时用“点”。 | Hours use 'o'clock'. |  现在六点。 | Now it is six o'clock. 🕕 |
分钟用“分”。 | Minutes use 'minutes'. | 七点十分开始。 | We start at seven past seven. 🚌 |
“半”表示30分钟。 | 'Half' denotes 30 minutes. |  八点半上课。 | Class starts at eight thirty. 🧑🏫 |
“刻”表示15分钟。 | 'Quarter' denotes 15 minutes. |  五点一刻出门。 | We leave at five fifteen. 🚪 |
两与二
“二”用于数数和数字读法，“两”多用于量词前表示两个。“两”在口语中自然，“二”在序数和电话号码中更常见。
'Er' is used for counting and reading numbers; 'liǎng' is used before classifiers to indicate two. In speech, 'liǎng' is natural, while 'er' is more common in ordinals and phone numbers.
Rule | 🇬🇧 English Rule | Example | 🇬🇧 English Example |
|---|---|---|---|
数量加量词常用“两”。 | When a quantity is followed by a classifier, 'two' is commonly used. |  我有两个朋友。 | I have two friends. 🤝 |
数字本身常用“二”。 | The number itself often uses 'two'. |  房间号是二零四。 | The room number is 204. 🏠 |
序数用“二”。 | Ordinals use 'er'. |  她是第二名。 | She is the second. 🥈 |
时间中小时常用“二”。 | For time, hours are often read with 'two'. |  我们二点见。 | We will meet at two o'clock. 🕑 |
简介总结
中文数字依靠十进制结构，序数依靠“第＋数字”。在日期和时间中优先使用基数词，在表达顺序时加“第”而不改变数字本身。
Chinese numbers rely on a base-10 structure, and ordinals rely on 'the + number'. In dates and times, cardinal numbers are preferred; when expressing order, add 'the' without changing the number itself.