Common Prepositions in FrenchA2
Discover the most common prepositions and learn to use them clearly with examples and practical exercises.
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Prerequisites
Role.
Prepositions are used to connect a word or group of words to another element of the sentence. They mark relationships of place, time, purpose, cause, means or dependence. They usually precede a noun, a pronoun or an infinitive, and they do not agree.
Simple prepositions.
The most common simple prepositions are à, de, en, dans, sur, sous, pour and avec. They introduce a complement that specifies a place, a manner, a relation or a destination. Their meaning varies depending on the context, especially for à, en and dans, as also seen in [Prepositions of Place].
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Contractions.
À and de contract frequently with masculine singular and plural forms. With le, you get au and du, and with les you get aux and des. These forms are mandatory in standard usage, even if spoken language may sometimes reduce them further.
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À and en.
À often expresses a destination or endpoint, while en is frequently used with feminine names of countries, regions or materials. En can also mark a means or a manner, which distinguishes it from dans, which emphasizes the interior or a precise location. Usage may vary among speakers for certain temporal or geographic nuances.
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Time.
Time prepositions situate an action in relation to another. Depuis marks the starting point of a situation that is still ongoing, pendant marks a limited duration, avant places an event earlier, and après places it later. These time relations are essential for reading [Time Prepositions] correctly.
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Verbs.
Some verbs require a specific preposition, and this construction must be memorized with the verb. To think about, to depend on and to dream of do not take the same complement. Other verb families follow similar patterns and are often observed with [English equivalents: Prepositional Phrases] and the uses of [Prepositions of cause and purpose].
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Goal.
Pour and afin de introduce a goal or an intention. Pour is very common before an infinitive or a noun phrase, while afin de is more formal and marks a goal more explicitly. These constructions belong to the domain of prepositions of cause and purpose.
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Locutions.
Prepositional phrases are fixed expressions that function as a single preposition. À cause de expresses an unfavorable cause, grâce à expresses a favorable cause, and en face de indicates an opposite or visible position in front. These constructions are very useful for specifying a relationship without changing the sentence structure.
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Position.
The preposition is placed before its nominal, pronominal or infinitive complement. It does not vary according to the gender or number of the complement, but it can entail contractions with the definite article. In everyday language, some forms may be elided or reduced in speech, without changing the basic grammatical value.
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Summary.
Common prepositions connect words and organize relations of place, time, purpose, cause and dependence. Their use rests on choosing the right preposition, on contractions with the definite article, and on the fixed position before the complement. A careful reading of the context allows you to distinguish à, en and dans, and then to identify the verbs and phrases that require a specific construction.