Discover the most common prepositions and learn to use them clearly with examples and practical exercises.

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Prepositions are used to connect a word or group of words to another element of the sentence. They mark relationships of place, time, purpose, cause, means or dependence. They usually precede a noun, a pronoun or an infinitive, and they do not agree.

The most common simple prepositions are à, de, en, dans, sur, sous, pour and avec. They introduce a complement that specifies a place, a manner, a relation or a destination. Their meaning varies depending on the context, especially for à, en and dans, as also seen in [Prepositions of Place].

IdéeIdea.ExempleExample.
🧭à indique souvent la destination ou le point visé.À often indicates the destination or the target point.🚆Je vais à Paris.I am going to Paris.
📦de indique souvent l’origine ou l’appartenance.De often indicates origin or belonging.📘Le livre de Léa est sur la table.Lea's book is on the table.
🌍en exprime souvent la matière, le moyen ou une situation générale.En often expresses the material, the means, or a general situation.🚄Elle voyage en train.She travels by train.
📍dans situe quelque chose à l’intérieur ou à un moment futur précis.Dans indicates something inside or a precise future moment.🏠Le chat est dans la maison.The cat is in the house.
📄sur indique un contact avec une surface.Sur indicates contact with a surface.✏️Le stylo est sur le bureau.The pen is on the desk.
🤝avec marque la compagnie ou l’instrument.Avec denotes accompaniment or instrument.👥Nous venons avec nos amis.We come with our friends.

À and de contract frequently with masculine singular and plural forms. With le, you get au and du, and with les you get aux and des. These forms are mandatory in standard usage, even if spoken language may sometimes reduce them further.

IdéeIdea.ExempleExample.
🔗à + le donne au.à + le yields au.👩‍🏫Je parle au professeur.I am speaking to the professor.
🧩à + les donne aux.à + les yields aux.🎒Nous allons aux enfants.We are going to the children.
📚de + le donne du.de + le yields du.🛍️Je reviens du marché.I’m coming back from the market.
🪢de + les donne des.de + les yields des.🏘️Il parle des voisins.He talks about the neighbors.

À often expresses a destination or endpoint, while en is frequently used with feminine names of countries, regions or materials. En can also mark a means or a manner, which distinguishes it from dans, which emphasizes the interior or a precise location. Usage may vary among speakers for certain temporal or geographic nuances.

IdéeIdea.ExempleExample.
🎯À marque souvent la destination.À often marks the destination.🚗Nous allons à Lyon.We are going to Lyon.
🗺️En s’emploie souvent avec un pays féminin.En is often used with a feminine country.🇫🇷Elle vit en France.She lives in France.
🧪En s’emploie aussi avec une matière ou un moyen.En is also used with a material or a means.🗿La statue est en bronze.The statue is bronze.
📌Dans insiste sur l’intérieur ou la précision.Dans emphasizes the interior or a precise location.🎭Il est dans la salle.He is in the room.

Time prepositions situate an action in relation to another. Depuis marks the starting point of a situation that is still ongoing, pendant marks a limited duration, avant places an event earlier, and après places it later. These time relations are essential for reading [Time Prepositions] correctly.

IdéeIdea.ExempleExample.
⏳Depuis indique un début encore valable.Depuis indicates a starting point that is still valid.🗓️Je travaille ici depuis lundi.I have been working here since Monday.
⌛Pendant indique une durée.Pendant indicates a duration.😴Il a dormi pendant deux heures.He slept for two hours.
🕰️Avant indique l’antériorité.Avant indicates anteriority.🌤️Nous partons avant midi.We leave before noon.
🌙Après indique la postériorité.Après indicates posteriority.🎬Nous dînons après le film.We dine after the movie.

Some verbs require a specific preposition, and this construction must be memorized with the verb. To think about, to depend on and to dream of do not take the same complement. Other verb families follow similar patterns and are often observed with [English equivalents: Prepositional Phrases] and the uses of [Prepositions of cause and purpose].

IdéeIdea.ExempleExample.
💭Penser demande à.Penser requires à.👨‍👩‍👧Je pense à mon frère.I think about my brother.
⚙️Dépendre demande de.Dépendre takes de.🌦️Tout dépend du temps.Everything depends on time.
🌙Rêver demande de.Rêver requires de.✈️Elle rêve de voyage.She dreams of travel.

Pour and afin de introduce a goal or an intention. Pour is very common before an infinitive or a noun phrase, while afin de is more formal and marks a goal more explicitly. These constructions belong to the domain of prepositions of cause and purpose.

IdéeIdea.ExempleExample.
🎯Pour exprime le but.Pour expresses the purpose.🤲Je viens pour t’aider.I’m coming to help you.
📎Afin de exprime le but avec un ton plus formel.Afin de expresses the purpose with a more formal tone.🏆Il part afin de réussir.He leaves in order to succeed.
🎁Pour peut précéder un nom.Pour can precede a noun.🎉C’est un cadeau pour toi.It’s a gift for you.

Prepositional phrases are fixed expressions that function as a single preposition. À cause de expresses an unfavorable cause, grâce à expresses a favorable cause, and en face de indicates an opposite or visible position in front. These constructions are very useful for specifying a relationship without changing the sentence structure.

IdéeIdea.ExempleExample.
🌧️À cause de marque une cause négative.À cause de marks a negative cause.☔Le match est annulé à cause de la pluie.The match is canceled because of the rain.
🌟Grâce à marque une cause positive.Grâce à expresses a positive cause.🤝Nous avançons grâce à ton aide.We are advancing thanks to your help.
🏢En face de marque une position opposée.En face de marks an opposite position.🚉La pharmacie est en face de la gare.The pharmacy is opposite the station.

The preposition is placed before its nominal, pronominal or infinitive complement. It does not vary according to the gender or number of the complement, but it can entail contractions with the definite article. In everyday language, some forms may be elided or reduced in speech, without changing the basic grammatical value.

IdéeIdea.ExempleExample.
📘La préposition précède le nom.The preposition precedes the noun.🐈Le chat dort sous la table.The cat sleeps under the table.
🚶La préposition précède l’infinitif.The preposition precedes the infinitive.🤫Il part sans parler.He leaves without speaking.
👤La préposition précède souvent le pronom.The preposition usually precedes the pronoun.🏠Je viens chez moi.I am coming home.
🔄La contraction peut remplacer préposition et article.The contraction can replace a preposition and an article.🎥Nous allons au cinéma.We are going to the cinema.

Common prepositions connect words and organize relations of place, time, purpose, cause and dependence. Their use rests on choosing the right preposition, on contractions with the definite article, and on the fixed position before the complement. A careful reading of the context allows you to distinguish à, en and dans, and then to identify the verbs and phrases that require a specific construction.

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Last updated: Mon Jun 1, 2026, 3:45 AM