“Do” is the base verb used to talk about actions, to form questions and negatives in the present and past simple, and to add emphasis. “Does” is the present simple form for he, she, it. “Did” is the past simple form for all subjects. “Done” is the past participle used with auxiliary verbs like “have” and in the passive.

Use “do” as a main verb to mean perform an action, carry out work, or complete a task. In this meaning, it can take an object like “homework,” “the dishes,” or “a job.” The tense and form change with time and subject: do, does, did, have done.

In the present simple, use “do” with I, you, we, they, and use “does” with he, she, it. This applies both when “do” is the main verb and when it is an auxiliary in questions and negatives. The main verb after auxiliary do or does stays in the base form.

Subject	🇨🇳 中文 主语	Form	🇨🇳 中文 形式	Example	🇨🇳 中文 例句
I	😃 我	do	🧩 做	I do my homework after dinner.	🗣️ 我晚饭后做我的家庭作业。
you	😃 你	do	🧩 做	You do a great job.	🗣️ 你做得很好。
he	😃 他	does	🧩 洗碗	He does the dishes.	🗣️ 他洗碗。
she	😃 她	does	🧩 做瑜伽	She does yoga every morning.	🗣️ 她每天早晨做瑜伽。
it	😃 它	does	🧩 做	It does not matter.	🗣️ 这并不重要。
we	😃 我们	do	🧩 做	We do our best.	🗣️ 我们尽最大努力。
they	😃 他们	do	🧩 做	They do the cleaning on weekends.	🗣️ 他们在周末打扫卫生。

Use “did” for the past simple with all subjects. When “did” is an auxiliary, the main verb remains in the base form, not the past form. This is a common pattern in questions and negatives about the past.

Subject	🇨🇳 中文 主语	Form	🇨🇳 中文 形式	Example	🇨🇳 中文 例句
I	😃 我	did	🧩 做了	I did my homework yesterday.	🗣️ 我昨天做了我的家庭作业。
you	😃 你	did	🧩 做了	You did well on the test.	🗣️ 你在考试中做得很好。
he	😃 他	did	🧩 做了	He did not call last night.	🗣️ 他昨晚没有打电话。
she	😃 她	did	🧩 做了	She did her best.	🗣️ 她尽了最大努力。
it	😃 它	did	🧩 做了	It did not work.	🗣️ 它没有起作用。
we	😃 我们	did	🧩 做了	We did the shopping on Saturday.	🗣️ 我们在周六购物。
they	😃 他们	did	🧩 做了	They did not agree.	🗣️ 他们不同意。

“Done” is the past participle of “do.” Use it with auxiliary verbs like “have” to form perfect tenses, and with “be” in passive structures. “Done” does not replace “did” in the simple past.

Rule	🇨🇳 中文 规则	Example	🇨🇳 中文 示例
Use have or has with done for present perfect	📌 与 done 搭配使用 have 或 has 表示现在完成时	I have done my homework.	🗣️ I have done my homework.
Use had with done for past perfect	📌 与 done 搭配使用 had 表示过去完成时	They had done the work before noon.	🗣️ They had done the work before noon.
Use be with done for passive voice	📌 与 done 搭配使用 be 表示被动语态	The job is done.	🗣️ The job is done.

Use do or does to form present simple questions, and did to form past simple questions. In these questions, the main verb stays in the base form. If “do” is the main verb, you still use do or does or did, but the structure depends on whether you are asking about the action or using “do” as an auxiliary.

Rule	🇨🇳 中文 规则	Example	🇨🇳 中文 示例
Present simple questions use do or does plus base verb	📌 现在时简单疑问句使用 do 或 does 加 基本动词	Do you like coffee.	🗣️ 你喜欢咖啡吗？
Third person present uses does plus base verb	📌 第三人称现在时使用 does 加 基本动词	Does she work here.	🗣️ 她在这里工作吗？
Past simple questions use did plus base verb	📌 过去时简单疑问句使用 did 加 基本动词	Did they finish on time.	🗣️ 他们按时完成了吗？

Use do not or does not in present simple negatives, and did not in past simple negatives. The main verb stays in the base form after do, does, or did. In speech and informal writing, contractions are common: don’t, doesn’t, didn’t.

Rule	🇨🇳 中文 规则	Example	🇨🇳 中文 示例
Present negative uses do not or does not plus base verb	📌 现在时否定使用 do not 或 does not 加 基本动词	I do not know.	🗣️ I do not know.
Third person present uses does not plus base verb	📌 第三人称现在时否定使用 does not 加 基本动词	He does not understand.	🗣️ He does not understand.
Past negative uses did not plus base verb	📌 过去时否定使用 did not 加 基本动词	We did not go.	🗣️ We did not go.

Use do, does, or did for emphasis in affirmative sentences, usually to correct someone or strongly confirm something. The emphasized verb after do, does, or did remains in the base form. This is more common in speech and can sound confrontational if overused.

Rule	🇨🇳 中文 规则	Example	🇨🇳 中文 示例
Use do or does to emphasize a present statement	📌 使用 do 或 does 以强调现在的陈述	I do want to help.	🗣️ 我确实想帮助。
Use did to emphasize a past statement	📌 使用 did 以强调过去的陈述	She did call you.	🗣️ 她确实打过电话给你。

Use do, does, and did in short answers to yes or no questions. Match the tense and subject of the question, and choose do or does for the present. Negative short answers use the contracted form in most everyday contexts.

Rule	🇨🇳 中文 规则	Example	🇨🇳 中文 示例
Match do or does in present short answers	📌 匹配现在时的简短回答中的 do 或 does	Does he live here. Yes, he does.	🗣️ 他住在这里吗？是的，他住在这里。
Use did for past short answers	📌 使用 did 作过去时的简短回答	Did you see it. No, I didn’t.	🗣️ 你看到它了吗？ 不，我没看到。
Use do for I, you, we, they	📌 对 I、you、we、they 使用 do	Do they agree. Yes, they do.	🗣️ 他们同意吗？ 是的，他们同意。

“Done” can function like an adjective to mean finished, completed, or no longer needed. This usage often appears after “be” or in set phrases, and it focuses on the state, not the action. It is common in everyday speech.

Rule	🇨🇳 中文 规则	Example	🇨🇳 中文 示例
Use be plus done to express completion	📌 通过 be 搭配 done 表达完成	I’m done with my work.	🗣️ 我已经完成了我的工作。
Use all done as an informal phrase	📌 将 all done 作为非正式短语使用	We’re all done.	🗣️ We’re all done.