Have is the base form of the verb that shows possession, relationships, or experiences. Use have with I, you, we, and they in the present, and after modal verbs like can, will, and should. It can be a main verb for ownership or an auxiliary verb to build perfect tenses.

Has is the present simple form used with third-person singular subjects: he, she, it, and singular names. It expresses the same meanings as have, but only with those subjects in the present. It is also the auxiliary form for present perfect with third-person singular.

Had is the past form for all subjects: I, you, he, she, it, we, and they. Use had to talk about possession or experiences in the past, and as the auxiliary verb for the past perfect. Had often signals that something was true before another past time or event.

In the present simple, choose have or has based on the subject, not the object. Use have with I, you, we, and they, and use has with he, she, it, and singular nouns. This form is common for facts, routines, and states like ownership and health.

Subject	🇨🇳 中文 主语	Form	🇨🇳 中文 形式	Example	🇨🇳 中文 例句
I	👤 我	have	✅ 有	I have a meeting today.	💬 我今天有一个会议。
you	👤 你	have	✅ 有	You have good timing.	💬 你掌握时机很好。
he	👤 他	has	✅ 有	He has a new job.	💬 他有一份新工作。
she	👤 她	has	✅ 有	She has a question.	💬 她有一个问题。
it	👤 它	has	✅ 有	It has a strange smell.	💬 它有一种奇怪的气味。
we	👤 我们	have	✅ 有	We have enough time.	💬 我们有足够的时间。
they	👤 他们	have	✅ 有	They have two kids.	💬 他们有两个孩子。

In the past simple, had is used for every subject. Use it for past possession, past states, and past experiences. If you can replace it with a past time like yesterday or last year, had is usually the correct choice.

Subject	🇨🇳 中文 主语	Form	🇨🇳 中文 形式	Example	🇨🇳 中文 例句
I	👤 我	had	✅ 有	I had a headache yesterday.	💬 我昨天头痛。
you	👤 你	had	✅ 有	You had the keys last night.	💬 你昨晚有钥匙。
he	👤 他	had	✅ 有	He had a busy week.	💬 他忙碌的一周。
she	👤 她	had	✅ 有	She had a dog as a kid.	💬 她小时候有一只狗。
it	👤 它	had	✅ 有	It had a flat tire.	💬 它轮胎瘪了。
we	👤 我们	had	✅ 有	We had dinner early.	💬 我们吃得很早。
they	👤 他们	had	✅ 有	They had a plan.	💬 他们有一个计划。

Use have or has as an auxiliary verb plus a past participle to form the present perfect. This tense connects the past to now, often focusing on results, life experience, or unfinished time periods. Choose have or has by the subject, then use the past participle, not the past simple form.

Rule	🇨🇳 中文 规则	Example	🇨🇳 中文 示例
Use have with I, you, we, they plus past participle	📌 对 我、你、我们、他们 搭配过去分词 使用 have	They have finished the report.	💬 他们已经完成了报告。
Use has with he, she, it plus past participle	📌 对 他、她、它 搭配过去分词 使用 has	She has moved to London.	💬 她已经搬到了伦敦。
Present perfect links past to now and often implies relevance now	📌 现在完成时把过去和现在联系起来，通常暗示与现在相关	I have lost my wallet.	💬 我丢了钱包。
Use present perfect with unfinished time like today, this week, lately	📌 现在完成时与未完成的时间如今天、这周、最近一起使用	We have worked a lot this week.	💬 本周我们工作了很多。

Use had as an auxiliary verb plus a past participle to form the past perfect. This tense shows that one past action or state happened before another past moment or event. It helps make the order of past events clear, especially when the sequence matters.

Rule	🇨🇳 中文 规则	Example	🇨🇳 中文 示例
Use had plus past participle for an earlier past	📌 使用 had 加上过去分词，表示更早的过去	I had left before she called.	💬 在她打电话前我已经离开了。
Often paired with another past event in past simple	📌 常与另一过去简单事件并列发生	They had eaten when we arrived.	💬 我们到达时他们已经吃过了。
Use it to explain causes in the past	📌 用它来解释过去的原因	He was tired because he had worked late.	💬 他很累，因为他工作到很晚。

After modal verbs, use have, not has or had. The modal stays the same for all subjects, and have follows it as the base form. This includes can have, will have, should have, and would have, which can refer to possibility, plans, or past expectations depending on context.

Rule	🇨🇳 中文 规则	Example	🇨🇳 中文 示例
After a modal, use base form have	📌 在情态动词后，使用基本形式的 have	She can have a day off.	💬 她可以休一天假。
Modal plus have plus past participle refers to the past	📌 情态动词+ have + 过去分词 指向过去	They should have called.	💬 他们应该打电话联系。
Would have often shows an unreal past result	📌 would have 常用于表示与过去事实相反的结果	I would have helped if I had known.	💬 如果我早知道，我本来会帮助。

Have can be a main verb that means to possess, but it can also mean to experience or to do an activity. In many expressions, have describes actions like eating, resting, or taking a wash. In these cases, have behaves like a normal verb and follows present and past forms: have, has, had.

Word/Phrase	🇨🇳 中文 词/短语	Definition	🇨🇳 中文 定义	Example	🇨🇳 中文 例句
have breakfast	🧩 吃早餐	eat breakfast	🍽️ 吃早餐	We have breakfast at 7.	💬 我们7点吃早餐。
have a shower	🧩 洗个淋浴	take a shower	🚿 洗个淋浴	I had a shower after work.	💬 我下班后洗了个淋浴。
have a break	🧩 休息一下	rest for a short time	⏸️ 休息片刻	She is having a break.	💬 她正在休息。
have a good time	🧩 玩得开心	enjoy yourself	🎉 尽情玩乐	They had a good time.	💬 他们玩得很开心。

Have got is a common alternative to have for possession, especially in British English. In meaning, I have and I have got are usually the same for ownership, but have got is less common for habits and more limited in tense changes. Had got exists but is much less common in everyday speech.

Rule	🇨🇳 中文 规则	Example	🇨🇳 中文 示例
For possession, have and have got often mean the same	📌 就所有权而言，have 与 have got 往往意思相同	I have a car. / I have got a car.	💬 我有一辆车。/ 我有一辆车。
Have got is not typically used for routines	📌 Have got 不常用于日常习惯	I have lunch at noon.	💬 我中午吃午饭。
Questions and negatives often use have with do, but have got uses have	📌 疑问句和否定句常用 have 搭配 do，但 Have got 使用 have	Do you have a pen? / Have you got a pen?	💬 你有一支笔吗？/ Have you got a pen?
Have got is especially common in British English	📌 Have got 在英国英语中尤其常见	She has got two sisters.	💬 她有两位姐妹。