Causative constructions express that one person or thing causes another person or thing to do something, or causes a change to happen. English often separates the causer from the doer, so the subject may not perform the action directly. These structures are common for giving instructions, arranging services, or describing influence and effects.

Use make + object + base verb to say someone forces or strongly compels another person to do an action. The object is the person who performs the action, and the base verb names the action. This pattern is direct and often implies pressure, authority, or lack of choice.

Subject	🇨🇳 中文 主语	Form	🇨🇳 中文 结构	Example	🇨🇳 中文 例句
I	👤 我	make + object + base verb	🧩 使 + 宾语 + 动词原形	I made him apologize.	📌 我让他道歉。
you	👤 你	make + object + base verb	🧩 使 + 宾语 + 动词原形	You made me wait.	📌 你让我等了一会儿。
he	👤 他	makes + object + base verb	🧩 使 + 宾语 + 动词原形	He makes her laugh.	📌 他让她笑。
she	👤 她	makes + object + base verb	🧩 使 + 宾语 + 动词原形	She makes them work late.	📌 她让他们加班工作。
it	👤 它	makes + object + base verb	🧩 使 + 宾语 + 动词原形	It made us change plans.	📌 它让我们改变计划。
we	👤 我们	make + object + base verb	🧩 使 + 宾语 + 动词原形	We made them stop.	📌 我们让他们停下。
they	👤 他们	make + object + base verb	🧩 使 + 宾语 + 动词原形	They made me sign the form.	📌 他们让我签署了表格。

Use have + object + base verb to say someone arranges, requests, or instructs another person to do something. It often focuses on managing a process or delegating a task, not on force. The object is the doer, and the base verb is the task done.

Subject	🇨🇳 中文 主语	Form	🇨🇳 中文 结构	Example	🇨🇳 中文 例句
I	👤 我	have + object + base verb	🧩 have + object + base verb	I had my assistant call you.	📌 我让我的助理给你打电话。
you	👤 你	have + object + base verb	🧩 have + object + base verb	You had him fix it.	📌 你让他修好它。
he	👤 他	has + object + base verb	🧩 has + object + base verb	He has the team review it.	📌 他让团队审核它。
she	👤 她	has + object + base verb	🧩 has + object + base verb	She had her friend drive.	📌 她让她的朋友开车送她。
it	👤 它	has + object + base verb	🧩 has + object + base verb	It had me rethink everything.	📌 它让我重新思考了一切。
we	👤 我们	have + object + base verb	🧩 have + object + base verb	We had the technician check it.	📌 我们让技术人员检查它。
they	👤 他们	have + object + base verb	🧩 have + object + base verb	They had their lawyer respond.	📌 他们让律师回应。

Use get + object + to-infinitive to say someone persuades, convinces, or manages to cause another person to do something. It often suggests effort, negotiation, or success after trying. The object is the doer, and the to-infinitive is the action.

Subject	🇨🇳 中文 主语	Form	🇨🇳 中文 结构	Example	🇨🇳 中文 例句
I	👤 我	get + object + to-infinitive	🧩 get + object + to-infinitive	I got him to help.	📌 我让他去帮助。
you	👤 你	get + object + to-infinitive	🧩 get + object + to-infinitive	You got her to agree.	📌 你让她同意了。
he	👤 他	gets + object + to-infinitive	🧩 gets + object + to-infinitive	He gets them to cooperate.	📌 他让他们合作。
she	👤 她	gets + object + to-infinitive	🧩 gets + object + to-infinitive	She got me to try it.	📌 她让我要试试它。
it	👤 它	gets + object + to-infinitive	🧩 gets + object + to-infinitive	It got us to leave early.	📌 它让我们提前离开。
we	👤 我们	get + object + to-infinitive	🧩 get + object + to-infinitive	We got them to listen.	📌 我们让他们倾听。
they	👤 他们	get + object + to-infinitive	🧩 get + object + to-infinitive	They got me to join.	📌 他们让我加入。

Use let + object + base verb to say someone allows or permits another person to do something. The causer gives permission rather than pushing or arranging. The object is the doer, and the base verb is the permitted action.

Subject	🇨🇳 中文 主语	Form	🇨🇳 中文 结构	Example	🇨🇳 中文 例句
I	👤 我	let + object + base verb	🧩 let + object + base verb	I let her decide.	📌 我让她决定。
you	👤 你	let + object + base verb	🧩 let + object + base verb	You let me explain.	📌 你让我解释。
he	👤 他	lets + object + base verb	🧩 lets + object + base verb	He lets them leave early.	📌 他让他们提前离开。
she	👤 她	lets + object + base verb	🧩 lets + object + base verb	She let us use the room.	📌 她让我们使用这个房间。
it	👤 它	lets + object + base verb	🧩 lets + object + base verb	It lets you save time.	📌 它让你节省时间。
we	👤 我们	let + object + base verb	🧩 let + object + base verb	We let them speak.	📌 我们让他们说话。
they	👤 他们	let + object + base verb	🧩 let + object + base verb	They let me borrow it.	📌 他们让我借用它。

Use have + object + past participle to say you arrange for a service or action to be done to something. The object is usually the thing affected, not the person doing the work, and the agent is often unknown or unimportant. This pattern is common for repairs, appointments, and professional services.

Rule	🇨🇳 中文 规则	Example	🇨🇳 中文 示例
have + thing + past participle for services	📏 have + thing + past participle 用于服务	I had my car repaired yesterday.	📌 我昨天让我的汽车修好了。
agent can be omitted because it is not the focus	📏 代理人可以省略，因为这不是重点	She had her hair cut.	📌 她的头发被剪了。
include by + agent when you need to name who did it	📏 如需指明执行者，请使用 by + 代理人	We had the report checked by an editor.	📌 我们让编辑检查了这份报告。

Use get + object + past participle to say you succeed in arranging for something to be done, often after effort, delay, or difficulty. It is also common in informal speech and can highlight completion. The object is the thing affected, and the agent is usually not mentioned.

Rule	🇨🇳 中文 规则	Example	🇨🇳 中文 示例
get + thing + past participle emphasizes achieving the result	📏 get + thing + past participle 强调实现结果	I finally got my phone fixed.	📌 我终于把手机修好了。
often sounds more informal than have + past participle	📏 通常比 have + past participle 听起来更口语化	We got the tickets printed.	📌 我们把票印好了。
by + agent is possible but uncommon in casual use	📏 通过 + 代理人是可能的，但在日常使用中并不常见	She got the document signed by the manager.	📌 她让经理签署了该文件。

Causatives differ mainly by control and effort: make implies force, have implies arranging or directing, get implies persuasion or success after trying, and let implies permission. For service actions, have done is neutral and common, while get done often highlights that the task was not easy or took time. Choosing the right causative helps you show the relationship between people and how the result happened.

Word/Phrase	🇨🇳 中文 词/短语	Definition	🇨🇳 中文 定义	Example	🇨🇳 中文 示例
make + object + base verb	🔤 /make + object + base verb	force or compel	📚 强迫或促使	The coach made us run.	🧾 教练让我们跑步。
have + object + base verb	🔤 /have + object + base verb	instruct or arrange for someone to do a task	📚 指示或安排某人完成任务	I had my brother carry it.	🧾 我让我的兄弟把它搬走。
get + object + to-infinitive	🔤 /get + object + to-infinitive	persuade or manage to cause	📚 说服或设法促成	We got them to stay.	🧾 我们让他们留下来。
let + object + base verb	🔤 /let + object + base verb	allow or permit	📚 允许或许可	They let us enter.	🧾 他们让我们进入。
have + thing + past participle	🔤 /have + thing + past participle	arrange a service done to something	📚 安排对某物进行服务	He had his suit cleaned.	🧾 他把西装洗干净了。
get + thing + past participle	🔤 /get + thing + past participle	manage to have a service done, often with effort	📚 设法让某物完成服务，通常需要努力	She got her laptop repaired.	🧾 她让她的笔记本电脑修好了。

Causative meaning stays the same across tenses: the causative verb carries the tense, while the following verb form stays fixed based on the pattern. Use base verb after make, have, and let, use to-infinitive after get, and use past participle for have done and get done. Passive forms are possible when you want the affected thing as the subject or when the agent is irrelevant.

Rule	🇨🇳 中文 规则	Example	🇨🇳 中文 示例
tense goes on the causative verb	📏 时态在使役动词上	She is having them rewrite it.	📌 她正在让他们改写它。
verb form after the object is fixed by the pattern	📏 对象之后的动词形式由模式固定	He got me to call, not got me call.	📌 他让我要打电话，而不是让我打电话。
passive causatives can shift focus to the affected thing	📏 被动使役可将焦点转移到受影响的事物	The documents were got signed in time.	📌 这些文件被及时签署。

Causatives require a clear object when another person does the action: make, have, get, and let need an object before the second verb. In service causatives, the object is commonly the affected thing, and the worker can be omitted. Add by + agent when naming who performed the action matters for meaning or clarity.

Rule	🇨🇳 中文 规则	Example	🇨🇳 中文 示例
include an object for person-doer causatives	📏 针对人作为执行者的使役结构要包含一个宾语	We had them wait outside.	📌 我们让他们在外面等着。
service causatives usually use a thing as the object	📏 服务使役通常以一个物作为对象	I had the window replaced.	📌 我让窗户被更换。
add by + agent when responsibility or credit matters	📏 当责任或功劳重要时，添加 by + 代理人	She had the contract reviewed by legal.	📌 她让法律部审核了合同。