The order Dermaptera comprises the earwigs, a distinctive group of insects characterized by their elongated bodies and prominent cerci—pincer-like appendages at the rear. Earwigs are typically nocturnal and use their cerci for defense, mating, and grooming. Most species exhibit maternal care, which is relatively rare among insects.
- Slender, elongated bodies with forceps-like cerci
- Cerci used for defense, mating, and cleaning
- Mostly nocturnal with some species exhibiting maternal care
- About 2,000 species worldwide, mainly in the family Forficulidae
Earwigs are grouped into a few main families, with Forficulidae being the most familiar and widespread. These common earwigs are omnivorous and can sometimes become garden pests. Other families, like Spongiphoridae and Labiduridae, include species with varied lifestyles and habitats, from leaf litter to stored products.
| Family | Common Name | Key Features | Typical Habitat | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Forficulidae | Common Earwigs | Classic earwig shape, robust cerci | Gardens, woodlands | Most species people encounter |
| Spongiphoridae | Little Earwigs | Smaller, more delicate cerci | Leaf litter, indoors | Some are scavengers |
| Labiduridae | Striped Earwigs | Long antennae, often striped bodies | Soil, stored products | Good runners, some pests |