Extended chords add notes beyond the basic triad, including sevenths, ninths, elevenths, and thirteenths, providing more harmonic depth. Altered chords modify some of these added tones, usually by sharpening or flattening them, creating tension and a more complex sound.
- Extended chords include 7th, 9th, 11th, and 13th chords.
- Altered chords alter 5th, 9th, or other extensions (e.g., b5, #5, b9, #9).
- Both chord types are common in jazz, fusion, R&B, and modern pop.
Cmaj7, D9, and G13 are extended chords.
Altered chords usually have modified fifths or ninths.
Jazz, fusion, and R&B often use extended and altered chords.
Extended Chords
Extended chords move beyond the triad (1-3-5) and include additional chord tones like the 7th, 9th, 11th, and 13th. Each step adds more color and sophistication to the harmony.
- 7th chords: Add the 7th (major or minor) to the triad.
- 9th chords: Add the 9th (second scale degree, an octave higher) to a 7th chord.
- 11th chords: Add the 11th (fourth scale degree) to a 9th chord.
- 13th chords: Add the 13th (sixth scale degree) to an 11th chord.
A 9th chord adds the 9th to the 7th chord.
Extended chords add 7th, then 9th, 11th, and 13th.
Cmaj7, D13, and G9 are extended chords.
Altered Chords
Altered chords take some chord tones, especially in dominant chords, and raise or lower them for extra tension. Typical alterations include b5, #5, b9, and #9. These chords often resolve to a more stable chord, making them great for creative musical movement.
- Common alterations: b5 (#5), b9 (#9)
- Usage: Usually found in dominant chords (e.g., G7b9, A7#5)
- Effect: Create dissonance that seeks resolution
Am7 is not an altered chord; G7b9 and D7#5 are.
Alterations in dominant chords often include b9, #9, b5, and #5.
Altered chords are typically based on dominant 7th chords.
Conclusion
Extended and altered chords deepen harmonic expression, adding complexity, color, and emotional nuance. Mastery of these chords opens doors to advanced musical genres and creative possibilities.
- Extended chords add notes beyond the triad for richer harmony.
- Altered chords modify tones for tension and sophisticated sound.
- Both are central in jazz, fusion, R&B, and modern music styles.
Cmaj9 and Eb13 are extended chords; D7b9 is altered.
Altered chords use raised or lowered chord tones.
Jazz, fusion, and contemporary R&B commonly use extended and altered chords.