Call and response is a musical dialogue between two parts: the 'call,' which is a leading musical phrase, and the 'response,' which is an answering phrase. This technique creates a conversational dynamic, fostering interaction and engagement within the music.
- Originated in African musical traditions and is fundamental in many genres.
- Creates a sense of dialogue and participation, often between lead and accompaniment.
- Widely used in blues, gospel, jazz, funk, and popular music.
Call and response creates a conversational or interactive effect in music.
Call and Response in Blues
In blues, call and response typically occurs between the vocalist (or lead instrument) and the guitar or band.
In blues, call and response usually involves a vocal "call" that is answered by a guitar lick, piano phrase, or band "response." This exchange amplifies the emotional impact and groove of the music.
- Vocalist delivers the "call" (a line or phrase).
- Instrumentalists or band provide the "response" (a riff, chord stab, or melody).
- The pattern can repeat, intensify, or vary throughout the song.
Common 'responses' include guitar riffs, band chord stabs, and piano phrases.
A typical structure is a vocal line (call) followed by an instrumental phrase (response).
Example: Typical Call and Response Pattern in Blues
A common pattern in blues might look like this:
- Call (vocals): "Well, I woke up this morning..."
- Response (guitar): [Guitar riff]
- Call (vocals): "Yeah, I woke up this morning..."
- Response (guitar): [Guitar riff]
Typical features include simple, repeating phrases, emotional delivery, interaction between voice and instrument, and use of the blues scale.
Call and response encourages audience participation and creates a dynamic musical conversation.
Notable Artists Using Call and Response
- Muddy Waters
- B.B. King
- Howlin' Wolf
- Ray Charles
- James Brown
B.B. King, James Brown, and Aretha Franklin are known for using call and response.
A classic example is a vocalist singing a line and a guitarist responding with a riff.
Call and response enhances emotional impact through a conversational and engaging exchange.