German is spoken as a native or official language in several countries, primarily in Central Europe. These countries share linguistic ties but also have distinct cultural identities. The main German-speaking countries are Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Liechtenstein, and Luxembourg, with German used in varying degrees in other regions as well.
Major German-Speaking Countries
The core countries where German is an official language and spoken widely are Germany, Austria, and Switzerland. Each country has its own standard and dialects.
Germany
Germany is the largest German-speaking country, where Standard German (Hochdeutsch) is the official language used in government, education, and media.
- German is spoken by virtually the entire population.
- Regional dialects include Bavarian, Swabian, Saxon, and Low German.
- Germany has 16 federal states (Länder), each with cultural variations.
- Key cities: Berlin, Munich, Hamburg, Frankfurt.
Austria
Austria uses Standard German for official purposes, but Austrian German includes unique vocabulary and pronunciation.
- German is the national language, spoken by over 98% of the population.
- Common dialects include Viennese and other Bavarian varieties.
- Austria has a rich cultural heritage in music, art, and literature.
- Key cities: Vienna, Salzburg, Innsbruck.
Switzerland
Switzerland has four national languages, with German being the most widely spoken (about 62% of the population).
- Swiss German (Schweizerdeutsch) refers to Alemannic dialects used in everyday speech.
- Standard German is used in writing, education, and formal settings.
- Other national languages: French, Italian, Romansh.
- Key cities: Zurich, Bern, Basel.
Smaller German-Speaking Countries
Several smaller countries and regions also have German as an official or recognized language, often alongside other languages.
Liechtenstein
- German is the sole official language.
- The local dialect is an Alemannic variety similar to Swiss German.
- Liechtenstein is a small, wealthy principality in the Alps.
Luxembourg
- German is one of three official languages (alongside Luxembourgish and French).
- Used mainly in media and education.
- Luxembourgish, a Moselle Franconian dialect, is the national language.
- Multilingualism is common.
Belgium
- German is one of three official languages, spoken by a small community in the eastern region (Eupen).
- The German-speaking Community has its own government and schools.
- French and Dutch are the other official languages of Belgium.
German Beyond Borders
German is also spoken by immigrant communities and as a second language in various countries.
South Tyrol (Italy)
- German is a co-official language alongside Italian and Ladin.
- The region has a majority of German-speaking inhabitants.
- Local dialects are similar to Austrian Bavarian.
Other Regions
- German-speaking communities exist in parts of Eastern Europe and the Americas.
- German is taught as a foreign language worldwide, especially in Europe.
Summary
German-speaking countries share a common linguistic foundation but are culturally diverse. German serves as a key means of communication, education, and cultural expression across these regions.
Last updated: Wed Jun 18, 2025
