In German, there are two main ways to say "you": Sie (formal) and du (informal). Choosing between them depends on the relationship, setting, and cultural norms. Using the wrong form can be seen as rude or overly familiar.
When to Use du
du is used with:
- Family members
- Close friends
- Children and teenagers
- Peers in casual settings
It signals closeness and equality. In many social groups, young people automatically use du with each other.
When to Use Sie
Sie is used with:
- Strangers and acquaintances
- Older people (unless invited to use du)
- People in professional or formal settings
- Anyone you want to show respect or maintain distance from
Using Sie is safer when in doubt—it shows politeness and professionalism.
How to Address Someone
- With du: Use the person’s first name (e.g., „Du kommst morgen?“)
- With Sie: Use the person’s last name and title (e.g., „Kommen Sie morgen, Frau Müller?“)
You can switch to du only if both parties agree, often with a phrase like „Wir können uns duzen.“
How do you typically address someone when using "du"?
Use their first name.
When using „du,“ you address people by their first name, signaling familiarity.
Pronouns and Verb Endings
| Pronoun | Meaning | Example Pronoun | German Example | English Example |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| du | you (informal singular) | du | Du kommst morgen. | You are coming tomorrow. |
| Sie | you (formal singular/plural) | Sie | Kommen Sie morgen? | Are you coming tomorrow? |
Conjugate the verb for "du" in the sentence: „___ morgen?“ (Are you coming tomorrow?)
Kommst
With "du," the verb adds "-st": kommst. Other forms are incorrect for "du."
Cultural Notes
- Using du too soon can be seen as disrespectful.
- Some workplaces have a culture of early duzen (using du).
- Public signage and announcements almost always use Sie.
German social etiquette values these distinctions highly. Getting them right helps you sound natural and polite.
Flashcards (1 of 2)
- Pronoun: du
- Meaning: you (informal singular)
- Example Pronoun: du
- English Example: You are coming tomorrow.
Last updated: Wed Jun 18, 2025
