Formal vs. informal speech in French, explaining the use of “tu” and “vous” for addressing others appropriately.
In French, choosing between “tu” and “vous” is essential for speaking politely and appropriately. “Tu” is used for informal situations, while “vous” is used for formal contexts or when showing respect.
- “Tu” = singular, informal “you”
- “Vous” = singular formal or plural “you”
- Using the wrong form can be seen as rude or overly distant
When to Use “Tu”
Use “tu” when speaking to:
- Friends and family
- Children and teenagers
- Peers or colleagues in casual settings
- Anyone who invites you to use “tu” (a process called tutoiement)
Using “tu” creates a sense of closeness and friendliness.
When to Use “Vous”
Use “vous” when speaking to:
- Strangers or people you’ve just met
- Elders or authority figures
- Teachers, bosses, or professionals in formal contexts
- Groups (plural “you” always uses “vous”)
Using “vous” shows respect and maintains social distance.
Examples
| Situation | French Example | English Example |
|---|---|---|
| Talking to a friend | Tu viens ce soir ? | Are you coming tonight? |
| Talking to a stranger | Vous venez ce soir ? | Are you coming tonight?? |
| Asking a teacher | Vous avez expliqué la leçon ? | Did you explain the lesson? |
| Asking a sibling | Tu as fini tes devoirs ? | Did you finish your homework? |
Understanding when and how to use “tu” and “vous” is a key step toward speaking French naturally and respectfully.
Vous avez expliqué la leçon ?
Did you explain the lesson?
‘Vous avez expliqué la leçon ?’ means ‘Did you explain the lesson?’ using the formal or plural ‘vous’.
Flashcards (1 of 4)
- Situation: Talking to a friend
- English Example: Are you coming tonight?
Last updated: Thu Jun 12, 2025
