Possessive pronouns replace a noun phrase that already appears in the context and avoid repeating it. Instead of saying Ana's car again, you can say hers if it is already known which car is being discussed. Their function is to retrieve a possession mentioned earlier, just as Personal Pronouns retrieve a referent without repeating its name. If you remove the possessive pronoun, the sentence loses that reference and requires repeating the complete noun.

Long possessive pronouns agree with the thing possessed, not with the possessor. That is why we say mine, yours, his, hers; ours, yours, theirs. Gender and number change according to the noun they replace: the house is mine, the books are mine. These forms function like Possessive Adjectives, but here they replace the noun instead of accompanying it.

míasnuestrovuestravuestromíonuestrossuyotuyotusnuestra

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Indica que algo pertenece a un grupo con quien habla la persona y señala la posesión de primera persona pluralEs la forma masculina plural de nuestro y concuerda con un nombre masculino pluralIndica que algo pertenece a un grupo con quien habla la persona y señala la posesión de primera persona pluralEs una forma corta que acompaña a un nombre y coincide con una sola persona a la que se hablaIndica que algo pertenece a un grupo al que se habla y expresa la posesión de segunda persona pluralEs la forma femenina plural de mío y se usa cuando la cosa poseída es femenina y pluralIndica que algo pertenece a un grupo al que se habla y expresa la posesión de segunda persona pluralIndica que algo pertenece a la persona que habla y destaca la posesión de primera personaIndica que algo pertenece a la persona con la que se habla y expresa la posesión de segunda personaIndica que algo pertenece a él, ella, usted, ellos o ustedes y marca una posesión amplia y flexible

Long forms and basic agreement

Word	Definition
mío	Indicates that something belongs to the person speaking and highlights first-person possession.
tuyo	Indicates that something belongs to the person being spoken to and expresses second-person possession.
suyo	Indicates that something belongs to him, her, you, them, or you all and marks broad and flexible possession.
nuestra	Indicates that something belongs to a group that includes the person speaking and points to first-person plural possession.
nuestro	Indicates that something belongs to a group that includes the person speaking and points to first-person plural possession.
vuestra	Indicates that something belongs to a group being spoken to and expresses second-person plural possession.
vuestro	Indicates that something belongs to a group being spoken to and expresses second-person plural possession.
mías	Is the feminine plural form of mine and is used when the thing possessed is feminine and plural.
tus	Is a short form that accompanies a noun and agrees with one person being spoken to.
nuestros	Is the masculine plural form of ours and agrees with a masculine plural noun.

Scramble

The first- and second-person forms distinguish between one possessor and several possessors. Mine and yours indicate possession by one person: that phone is mine, the backpack is yours. Ours and yours indicate possession shared by several people: that apartment is ours, the ideas are yours. With theirs, the form does not change depending on whether there is one possessor or several, so the difference is understood from the context or from the clarity of the sentence.

Distinction between one possessor and several

Idea
Use singular forms when the possession belongs to one person.
Use plural forms when the possession belongs to several people.
Agreement depends on the thing possessed and not on the possessor.
If the noun is feminine plural, the form must also be feminine plural.

Long possessive pronouns usually appear with an article before them: mine, yours, ours, theirs. That article is part of the normal expression and presents the omitted implicit noun. In colloquial speech, they can also appear without an article, especially in short answers or very direct style: Whose is it? Mine, Which ones do you want? Not yours, mine. Outside those uses, the form with an article is the usual and clearest one.

Use with article and emphatic use without article

Usage	Explanation
Most frequent use	They are used mainly with an article in front to present possession naturally.
Emphatic value	Without an article, the form can sound more forceful or literary.
Contrast between people	The article helps distinguish a concrete possession from another possible one.
Short answer	In short answers, the bare form can sound more expressive and direct.

Theirs can refer to him, her, you, them. That form covers several possible possessors and therefore sometimes creates ambiguity: The car is theirs does not by itself say whether it belongs to him, her, or you. When precision is needed, of + name is used to avoid doubts: Marta's car, your opinion, Javier's table. It also helps to support the sentence with a personal pronoun or with the immediate context, especially when several people are involved.

Clarity and disambiguation of his/hers/yours/theirs

Idea
The form his/hers/yours/theirs can refer to several people and is sometimes unclear on its own.
When there is doubt, use of plus a name to clarify the possessor.
In formal contexts, it is advisable to avoid ambiguity with a precise expression.
If the context already explains it, his/hers/yours/theirs can work without a problem.