Poder
Conjugación del verbo 'poder' en español: puedo, puedes, puede, pudimos, podrán, etc. Aprende a expresar capacidad y posibilidad en diferentes tiempos y modos.
Significado básico
‘Poder’ expresa capacidad o posibilidad. También puede usarse para pedir permiso de forma cortés. El significado se aclara por el contexto y por el tiempo verbal.
'Poder' expresses ability or possibility. It can also be used to ask for permission politely. The meaning is clarified by context and by the verb tense.
Word/Phrase | 🇬🇧 English Word/Phrase | Definition | 🇬🇧 English Definition | Example | 🇬🇧 English Example |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
puedo | I can | Yo tengo la capacidad o la posibilidad en el presente. | I have the capability or possibility in the present. | Today I can go early. 🗓️ | |
podía | could | Yo tenía la capacidad o la posibilidad en el pasado habitual o descriptivo. | I had the ability or possibility in the past habitually or descriptively. | In the past I could run faster. 🏃 | |
pude | was able to | Yo tuve la capacidad o la posibilidad en un momento concreto del pasado. | I had the capacity or possibility at a specific moment in the past. | Yesterday I was able to finish the job. ✅ | |
podré | will be able to | Yo tendré la capacidad o la posibilidad en el futuro. | I will have the capacity or possibility in the future. | Tomorrow I will be able to help you. 🤝 |
Presente
El presente de indicativo se usa para expresar capacidad o posibilidad en el presente. También se usa para solicitudes corteses con ‘¿puedes…?’ o ‘¿puede usted…?’
The present indicative is used to express ability or possibility in the present. It is also used for polite requests with '¿puedes…?' or '¿puede usted…?'
Subject | 🇬🇧 English Subject | Form | 🇬🇧 English Form | Example | 🇬🇧 English Example |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
yo | I | puedo | I can | I can open the window. 🪟 | |
tú | you | puedes | you can | Can you wait a moment? ⏳ | |
él/ella/usted | he/she/you (formal) | puede | can | She can come today. 🎟️ | |
nosotros/nosotras | we | podemos | we can | We can go out now. 🚪 | |
vosotros/vosotras | you all | podéis | you all can | Can you all help with this? 🧰 | |
ellos/ellas/ustedes | they/you all | pueden | they/you all can | They can call later. 📞 |
Imperfecto
El imperfecto se usa para describir capacidad o posibilidad habitual en el pasado. También se usa para situaciones en el pasado que no se presentan como terminadas.
The imperfect is used to describe habitual ability or possibility in the past. It is also used for past situations that are not presented as finished.
Subject | 🇬🇧 English Subject | Form | 🇬🇧 English Form | Example | 🇬🇧 English Example |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
yo | I | podía | could | As a child, I could sleep early. 🌙 | |
tú | you | podías | could | You could see the sea from there. 🌊 | |
él/ella/usted | he/she/you (formal) | podía | could | She could read without glasses. 👓 | |
nosotros/nosotras | we | podíamos | could | We could visit the grandparents on Sundays. 🧓 | |
vosotros/vosotras | you all | podíais | you all could | You all could enter for free. 🎫 | |
ellos/ellas/ustedes | they/you all | podían | could | They could stay late. 🕛 |
Pretérito
El pretérito perfecto simple indica capacidad o posibilidad en un momento concreto y terminado del pasado. A menudo implica que se logró o no se logró algo en ese momento.
The simple past indicates capacity or possibility at a specific and finished moment in the past. It often implies that something was achieved or not achieved at that moment.
Subject | 🇬🇧 English Subject | Form | 🇬🇧 English Form | Example | 🇬🇧 English Example |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
yo | I | pude | was able to | I was able to find the keys yesterday. 🔑 | |
tú | you | pudiste | were able to | You were able to finish on time. ⏰ | |
él/ella/usted | he/she/you (formal) | pudo | was able to | He was able to enter the concert. 🎶 | |
nosotros/nosotras | we | pudimos | were able to | We were able to see the movie. 🎬 | |
vosotros/vosotras | you all | pudisteis | were able to | You all were able to arrive before the rain. 🌧️ | |
ellos/ellas/ustedes | they/you all | pudieron | were able to | They were able to solve the problem. 🧩 |
Futuro
El futuro de indicativo expresa capacidad o posibilidad en el futuro. Se usa para hacer predicciones o promesas sobre lo que será posible.
The future indicative expresses ability or possibility in the future. It is used to make predictions or promises about what will be possible.
Subject | 🇬🇧 English Subject | Form | 🇬🇧 English Form | Example | 🇬🇧 English Example |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
yo | I | podré | will be able to | I will be able to call you tomorrow. 📲 | |
tú | you | podrás | will be able to | You will be able to see the result soon. 👀 | |
él/ella/usted | he/she/you (formal) | podrá | will be able to | You will be able to enter at ten. 🕙 | |
nosotros/nosotras | we | podremos | will be able to | We will be able to travel next month. ✈️ | |
vosotros/vosotras | you all | podréis | will be able to | You all will be able to use the room. 🛋️ | |
ellos/ellas/ustedes | they/you all | podrán | will be able to | They will be able to respond later. 📬 |
Permiso
‘Poder’ se usa para pedir permiso de forma cortés, normalmente con una pregunta. ‘¿Puedo…?’ es informal y directa; ‘¿Puede usted…?’ es más formal.
'Poder' is used to ask for permission politely, usually with a question. '¿Puedo…?' is informal and direct; '¿Puede usted…?' is more formal.
Rule | 🇬🇧 English Rule | Example | 🇬🇧 English Example |
|---|---|---|---|
Para pedir permiso de forma informal se usa ‘¿puedo…?’ con amigos o familia. | To ask for permission informally, you use '¿puedo…?' with friends or family. | Can I open the window? 🙋 | |
Para pedir permiso de forma formal se usa ‘¿puede usted…?’ o se usa ‘usted’ con ‘puede’. | To ask for permission formally you use '¿puede usted…?' or you use 'usted' with 'puede'. | Can you sign here? 🖊️ | |
Para pedir a otra persona se usa ‘¿puedes…?’ en contexto informal. | To ask another person you use '¿puedes…?' in informal context. | Can you pass me the water? 🚰 |
Contraste pasado
En el pasado, ‘podía’ describe posibilidad en general o intención, y ‘pude’ señala un hecho concreto logrado o no en una ocasión. El contraste es de aspecto, no solo de tiempo.
In the past, 'could' describes general possibility or intention, and 'could' indicates a concrete fact achieved or not on an occasion. The contrast is aspectual, not just time.
Rule | 🇬🇧 English Rule | Example | 🇬🇧 English Example |
|---|---|---|---|
‘Podía’ se usa para capacidad general o repetida en el pasado. | 'Could' is used for general or repeated capacity in the past. | When I lived nearby, I could visit you often. 🏡 | |
‘Pude’ se usa para un intento o resultado en un momento específico del pasado. | 'I was able to' is used for an attempt or result at a specific moment in the past. | Yesterday I was tired, but I was able to finish the report. 📑 |
Pronunciación
La d de ‘poder’ puede sonar suave o desaparecer en habla rápida, especialmente entre vocales. En ‘puedo’ y ‘puedes’, la sílaba tónica es ‘ue’.
The d in 'poder' can sound soft or disappear in fast speech, especially between vowels. In 'puedo' and 'puedes', the stressed syllable is 'ue'.
Word | 🇬🇧 English Word | Notation | 🇬🇧 English Notation | Description | 🇬🇧 English Description | Example | 🇬🇧 English Example |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
puedo | I can | ˈpwe.ðo | ˈpwe.ðo | La sílaba ‘pue’ lleva el acento y la d es suave. | The syllable 'pue' carries the accent and the d is soft. | I can go now. 🕒 | |
pueden | they can | ˈpwe.ðen | ˈpwe.ðen | La sílaba ‘pue’ es tónica y la d puede relajarse en habla rápida. | The syllable 'pue' is stressed and the d may be relaxed in fast speech. | They can wait here. 🪑 |
Variación regional
El uso de ‘vos’ cambia la forma en el presente en regiones con voseo. En España se usa ‘vosotros’ y en muchas Américas se prefiere ‘ustedes’ para el plural.
The use of 'vos' changes the present form in regions with voseo. In Spain 'vosotros' is used and in many Americas 'ustedes' is preferred for the plural.
Region | 🇬🇧 English Region | Word/Phrase | 🇬🇧 English Word/Phrase | Regional Definition | 🇬🇧 English Regional Definition | Example | 🇬🇧 English Example |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| South America 🧭 | vos podés | you can (vos) | En zonas de voseo, ‘vos’ usa ‘podés’ como presente para ‘vos’. | In voseo regions, 'vos' uses 'podés' as present for 'vos'. | Can you come tomorrow? 📆 | ||
🇪🇸España | Spain 🇪🇸 | vosotros podéis | you all can | El plural informal usa ‘vosotros’ con ‘podéis’. | The informal plural uses 'vosotros' with 'podéis'. | Can you all come tomorrow? 📆 | |
| Americas 🌎 | ustedes pueden | you all can | El plural suele usar ‘ustedes’ con ‘pueden’. | The plural usually uses 'ustedes' with 'pueden'. | Can you all come tomorrow? 📆 |
Resumen clave
‘Poder’ se conjuga como ‘puedo’ en presente, ‘podía’ en imperfecto, ‘pude’ en pretérito y ‘podré’ en futuro. Elige ‘podía’ para capacidad habitual en el pasado y ‘pude’ para un hecho puntual. ‘¿Puedo…?’ y ‘¿puedes…?’ se usan para permiso y peticiones en el presente.
'Poder' is conjugated as 'puedo' in the present, 'podía' in the imperfect, 'pude' in the preterite, and 'podré' in the future. Choose 'podía' for habitual ability in the past and 'pude' for a specific past event. '¿Puedo…?' and '¿puedes…?' are used for permission and requests in the present.