Plurals
Plurals show more than one thing. This guide goes over regular ways to form plurals and common irregular plurals to learn.
Regular Plurals
Regular plurals add -s or -es depending on the word's ending. These rules apply consistently to most nouns.
Formation
Words that end in a sibilant sound like -s, -sh, -ch, -x, or -z add -es to form the plural. This makes the plural easier to pronounce.
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Examples
| English Example | English Translation |
|---|---|
| 🐝 The bee gathered nectar from one flower. | The bee gathered nectar from one flower. |
| 🌸 The bees gathered nectar from many flowers. | The bees gathered nectar from many flowers. |
| 🍯 I see one jar of honey on the table. | I see one jar of honey on the table. |
| 🧺 There are several jars of honey in the basket. | There are several jars of honey in the basket. |
| 🪨 A single stone blocks the path. | A single stone blocks the path. |
| 🪣 We filled several stones to build a small wall. | We filled several stones to build a small wall. |
Irregular Plurals
Irregular plurals do not follow the standard -s or -es pattern. These nouns change internally or have special plural forms you must memorize.
Common Irregulars
Common irregular plurals include words that change vowel sounds, end differently in the plural, or stay the same. Learning these frequent examples helps you sound natural.
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More Irregulars
Some nouns are always plural, some have optional plural forms, and others use different endings from Latin or Greek. These less common irregulars appear more in advanced vocabulary.
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Summary
Regular plurals add -s or -es based on word endings. Irregular plurals must be learned individually because they change form or stay the same. Practice common examples to go from rules to natural use.
Last updated: Sun Sep 14, 2025