Este artículo explora los adjetivos cuantitativos en español: mucho, poco, varios, tantos. Incluye reglas de colocación, concordancia y ejemplos prácticos para describir cantidad con precisión.
This article explores Spanish quantitative adjectives: mucho, poco, varios, tantos. It includes rules of placement, agreement, and practical examples to describe quantity with precision.
Quantitative adjectives tell us how much, how many, or the amount of something, helping to shape a precise or relative idea of quantity. They can modify countable and uncountable nouns and often influence whether we use singular or plural forms.
Overview
Quantitative adjectives describe quantity in terms of exact numbers, approximations, or more general amounts, and they guide us in choosing countable versus uncountable nouns. They fall into groups such as exact numbers, approximations, and general amounts.
Exact Numbers
Exact numbers specify a precise quantity and are used with countable nouns when we want to be clear about how many items are involved.
| English Word(s) | English Translation(s) | |
|---|---|---|
| one | one | |
| two | two | |
| three | three | |
| four | four | |
| five | five | |
| hundred | hundred | |
| thousand | thousand |
Approximate Quantities
Approximate quantities give a rough idea of amount and can be used with both countable and uncountable nouns depending on context.
| English Word(s) | English Translation(s) | |
|---|---|---|
| about | about | |
| around | around | |
| approximately | approximately | |
| nearly | nearly | |
| more or less | more or less |
General Amounts
General amount adjectives express non-specific quantities and often come from everyday usage; some work better with uncountable nouns, others with countable ones.
| English Word(s) | English Translation(s) | |
|---|---|---|
| some | some | |
| any | any | |
| enough | enough | |
| plenty of | plenty of | |
| a lot of | a lot of | |
| much | much | |
| many | many |
Countable vs Uncountable
Countable nouns refer to individual items that can be counted, while uncountable nouns refer to substances, qualities, or masses that we measure rather than count; quantitative adjectives agree with this distinction.
| Category | Countable Nouns | Uncountable Nouns | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Quantitative Adjectives | many, few, several | much, little, a bit of |
Usage
Quantitative adjectives usually come before the noun they modify and can be followed by a noun or a noun phrase; some quantitative adjectives work only with countable nouns, others only with uncountable, and some work with both.
Summary
Quantitative adjectives shape how we understand amount by specifying exact numbers, giving approximations, or expressing general quantities; paying attention to whether the noun is countable or uncountable helps us choose the right adjective.
Suggested Reading

English File by Unknown (Oxford University Press series)

Practical English Usage by Michael Swan

English Grammar in Use by Raymond Murphy

English Grammar Workbook: Simple Grammar for Non-Native Speakers by SIMPLE English Language School

Essential Grammar in Use by Raymond Murphy

New Concept English by L. G. Alexander

Oxford Practice Grammar by Norman Coe, Mark Harrison & Ken Paterson

The Blue Book of Grammar and Punctuation by Jane Straus
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