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Table of Contents
- Parts of Speech
Basic overview of the eight parts of speech in English grammar for understanding word roles in sentences.
- Nouns
Basics of nouns: definition, types (common, proper, concrete, abstract), singular/plural, and countable/uncountable.
- Gender (Natural Gender, Neutral Language)
Gender in English grammar, including natural gender and neutral language, plus examples and how to use gender-inclusive words.
- Plurals
Plurals in English: rules, examples, and exceptions for forming plural nouns.
- Irregular Plurals
Irregular plurals are nouns that do not follow the standard rule of adding -s or -es in English.
- Countable and Uncountable Nouns
Countable and uncountable nouns in English: rules, examples, and how to use them with quantifiers and articles.
- Noun-Adjective Agreement (limited)
Noun-Adjective Agreement in English course that explains how adjectives match nouns in number, with examples and rules for correct usage.
- Articles
Introduction to articles in English grammar
- Definite Article
Definite article is the word “the” in English grammar, used to refer to a specific noun that is already known or can be identified by the listener or reader.
- Indefinite Article
The indefinite article is used in English to refer to a non-specific or general object or person. It appears as “a” or “an” before singular, countable nouns.
- Zero Article
The zero article refers to situations where no article ("a," "an," or "the") is used before a noun in English grammar.
- Pronouns
Basics of pronouns: types, functions, and examples for clear English grammar understanding.
- Subject Pronouns
Subject pronouns in English; explanation of their role in sentences, list of all subject pronouns, and examples.
- Direct Object Pronouns
Direct object pronouns in English grammar, along with examples and rules. These pronouns replace direct objects to avoid repetition and make sentences more concise.
- Indirect Object Pronouns
Indirect object pronouns in English and Spanish, rules for using them, and examples showing how they replace indirect objects in sentences.
- Reflexive Pronouns
- Possessive Pronouns
Possessive pronouns are words that show ownership and replace nouns, such as mine, yours, his, hers, ours, and theirs.
- Demonstrative Pronouns
Demonstrative pronouns are words that point to specific people, places, or things in a sentence, such as "this," "that," "these," and "those."
- Relative Pronouns
Relative pronouns are words like "who," "whom," "whose," "which," and "that," which connect clauses and refer to nouns previously mentioned.
- Interrogative Pronouns
Interrogative pronouns are words that introduce questions and stand in for the information being asked about, such as who, what, which, whose, and whom.
- Adjectives
Basics of adjectives: what they are, how they describe nouns, and their role in English grammar.
- Descriptive Adjectives
Descriptive adjectives are words that describe the qualities, appearance, or other characteristics of nouns.
- Comparative Adjectives
Comparative adjectives are used to compare differences between two people, things, or groups. They help us say that something has more, less, or a different quality than something else.
- Superlative Adjectives
Superlative adjectives are grammar tools used to compare three or more things, showing which one is the most or least in a certain quality.
- Demonstrative Adjectives
Demonstrative adjectives are words like this, that, these, and those which modify nouns to show which one(s) the speaker means.
- Attributive vs. Predicative Position
Difference between attributive and predicative positions of adjectives, with examples and explanations of usage.
- Adverbs
Basics of adverbs: what they are, how they modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs, and common types like manner, time, place, and frequency.
- Frequency Adverbs
Frequency adverbs in English, including common adverbs of frequency, their placement rules within sentences, and examples for everyday usage.
- Manner Adverbs
Manner adverbs describe how an action is performed, providing details about the way something happens in a sentence.
- Degree Adverbs
Degree adverbs are words that show how much or to what extent something happens or is true in English grammar.
- Place Adverbs
Place adverbs are words that describe where an action happens. They help us talk about location and movement with details.
- Time Adverbs
Time adverbs are words that tell us when something happens, how often it happens, or for how long it happens.
- Prepositions
Basics of prepositions: definition, common types, and usage in English grammar for showing relationships between words.
- Common Prepositions
Common prepositions in English, including examples for using time, place, direction, and more in everyday sentences.
- Prepositions of Place
Prepositions of place describe where something is located or where an action happens. They help us talk about people, objects, and places in everyday life using simple English.
- Prepositions of Time
Prepositions of time in English, including how to use at, on, and in to talk about times, days, dates, and periods.
- Conjunctions
Basics of conjunctions, including types (coordinating, subordinating, correlative) and their role in connecting words, phrases, and clauses.
- Coordinating Conjunctions
Coordinating conjunctions are words that join two or more equal parts of a sentence, such as two words, phrases, or independent clauses. They help create compound sentences and show the relationship between the joined parts.
- Subordinating Conjunctions
Subordinating conjunctions connect dependent clauses to independent clauses, showing relationships like cause, time, condition, and more in English sentences.
- Correlative Conjunctions
Correlative conjunctions are pairs of words used in English to connect equal parts of a sentence (such as two nouns, two verbs, two adjectives, or two clauses) in a balanced and coordinated way.
- Interjections
Interjections are words or expressions that show strong feelings or reactions. They are often used in speaking and writing to add emotion or emphasis.
- Syntax and Sentences
Explore English syntax and sentence structure to understand how words and phrases combine to form meaningful sentences.
- Basic Syntax Rules (SVO order)
Basic syntax rules for English sentences follow the Subject-Verb-Object (SVO) order. This means the subject comes first, followed by the verb, and then the object. These rules explain how to construct simple, clear sentences using this pattern.
- Sentence Structure
Basics of English sentence structure: parts of a sentence, word order, and types of sentences for clear communication.
- Declarative Sentences
Declarative sentences are statements that provide information, express facts, or share opinions. They end with a period (.) and are the most common type of sentences in English.
- Interrogative Sentences (question words, do-support, inversion)
Interrogative sentences in English, including question words, do-support, and inversion, to help you form clear and accurate questions.
- Exclamatory Sentences
Exclamatory sentences express strong emotion or excitement using an exclamation mark.
- Imperative Sentences
Imperative sentences explain how commands, requests, and instructions are formed in English using verb forms without a subject.
- Negations
Basics of forming negative sentences in English to express disagreement, denial, or absence.
- Simple Negations (not, never, nobody)
Simple negations in English using not, never, and nobody to express “no” or “none” in different ways.
- Double Negatives (standard, nonstandard)
Explanation of double negatives in English grammar, including standard usage, common nonstandard forms, and guidelines for correct usage.
- Relative Clauses
A relative clause is a type of dependent clause that describes a noun and begins with a relative pronoun like who, which, or that.
- Defining Clauses
Definition of defining clauses, their role in English grammar, and how they specify or limit the meaning of a noun.
- Non-defining Clauses
Non-defining clauses are a type of relative clause that provides extra information about a noun without changing the overall meaning of the sentence. They are always separated by commas.
- Verbs
Verbs are action words that describe what a subject does or a state of being.
- Verb Types
An overview of different verb types in English grammar, including action, linking, and auxiliary verbs.
- Regular Verbs
Regular verbs in English follow a consistent pattern when forming past tense and past participles by adding -ed, -d, or -ied. They help describe actions, events, and states that happened in the past or are completed.
- Irregular Verbs
Irregular verbs are English verbs that do not follow the regular pattern of adding -ed for past tense and past participle.
- Phrasal Verbs
Phrasal verbs in English, including examples and explanations, to help you understand how verbs combine with prepositions or adverbs to create new meanings.
- Modal Verbs (can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would)
Comprehensive guide to English modal verbs, explaining their uses, examples, and rules for can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, and would.
- Auxiliary Verbs (be, do, have)
Tip: Remember the forms am, is, are in the present, and was, were in the past.
- Stative vs. Dynamic Verbs
Stative vs. dynamic verbs in English grammar, including definitions, examples, usage rules, and tips for identifying and using each type.
- Verb Conjugation
Basics of verb conjugation in English, including tense formation, regular vs irregular verbs, and subject-verb agreement.
- Present Simple
Present Simple tense in English, including rules, examples, usage, and common mistakes.
- Past Tenses
Explore English past tenses to describe completed actions, habits, and background events in storytelling and conversation.
- Past Simple
The Past Simple tense, used to describe completed actions or events that happened at a specific time in the past.
- Irregular Past Verbs
- Past Continuous
- Past Perfect
The past perfect tense shows that one action was completed before another action or time in the past.
- Future Tenses
An overview of English future tenses, including their forms, uses, and key differences for expressing future events and intentions.
- Will-future
Will-future is an English verb tense used to talk about future events, decisions, promises, and predictions.
- Going to-future
The going to-future tense in English is used to talk about plans, intentions, and predictions based on evidence. It is formed with “be going to” + base verb.
- Present Continuous as Future
Present Continuous as Future explains how the present continuous tense is used to talk about planned or arranged actions that will happen in the near future.
- Future Perfect
The future perfect tense in English shows that one action will be finished before a specific time or another action in the future.
- Conditional Tenses
Introduction to conditional tenses in English grammar for expressing hypothetical situations, and their structure and usage.
- First, Second, Third Conditionals
First, Second, and Third Conditionals in English grammar, including their rules, examples, and usage for expressing real, hypothetical, and unreal situations.
- Mixed Conditionals
Explanation of mixed conditional grammar in English, including rules and examples for combining past and present conditions.
- Subjunctive Mood
The subjunctive mood is a verb form used to express wishes, suggestions, demands, or hypothetical situations in English grammar.
- Present Subjunctive
The present subjunctive is a verb form used in English to express wishes, demands, suggestions, or hypothetical situations. It appears only in the base form of the verb (without -s, -ed, or -ing), and it is most commonly found in formal writing and speech. The subject-verb agreement is always the same: the verb remains in its base form regardless of the subject.
- Past Subjunctive
Past subjunctive is a grammatical form used in English to express hypothetical situations, wishes, or conditions that are contrary to fact. It is essential for mastering subjunctive mood.
- Verbal Aspects
Explanation of verbal aspects in English grammar.
- Simple Tenses
Simple tenses in English grammar express habitual actions, general truths, or states, and describe events that are not marked by ongoing timing.
- Continuous (Progressive) Tenses
Continuous (Progressive) tenses showing how to form and use -ing verb forms to describe ongoing actions in the past, present, and future.
- Perfect Tenses
English grammar rules for using perfect tenses (present, past, and future) to describe completed, ongoing, or anticipated actions.
- Perfect Continuous Tenses
A complete guide to perfect continuous tenses in English, including explanations, examples, and usage tips for the past, present, and future forms.
- Infinitives
Introduction to infinitives
- To-Infinitive
The to-infinitive is a verb form that begins with “to” plus the base verb (e.g., to eat, to go). It is used to show purpose, intention, or possibility. It can be a subject, object, or modifier in a sentence.
- Bare Infinitive
The bare infinitive is the base form of a verb without "to." It is used after certain verbs, modal verbs, and expressions in English.
- Gerunds
Introduction to gerunds
- Uses and Structure
Uses and structure of gerunds, including how they function as nouns and their role in sentences.
- Gerunds vs. Infinitives
Gerunds and infinitives are two verb forms in English used to express actions. A gerund is the -ing form of a verb (e.g., running), used as a noun. An infinitive is the “to” + base verb form (e.g., to run). Both can act as subjects, objects, or complements, but their usage depends on the main verb, meaning, and context. This guide explains the differences, key rules, and provides examples.
- Imperative Mood
The imperative mood is used to give commands, instructions, or make requests in English.
- Affirmative Commands
Affirmative Commands in English, including how to form them, examples, and usage.
- Negative Commands
Negative commands (also called negative imperatives) tell someone NOT to do something. They use “do not” or the short form “don’t” followed by the base form of a verb.
- Special Topics
Explore advanced English grammar topics to deepen your understanding of the language.
- Word Formation
Introduction to how new words are created in English through processes like prefixes, suffixes, and compounding.
- Suffixes
Suffixes in English are word endings added to base words to change their meaning or grammatical function, helping you create new words and use them correctly.
- Prefixes
Prefixes in English include common examples, rules for forming new words, and tips for using them to change meaning and create opposites.
- Diminutives and Augmentatives (little, -let, etc.)
Diminutives and augmentatives in English, including how to use suffixes (like -let) and words (like little) to talk about things as smaller or bigger.
- Plurals and Gender
Plurals and gender explain how English words change to show more than one and how some words have meanings based on gender.
- Gerunds and Participles (present, past)
Gerunds are verb forms ending in -ing that function as nouns, while present participles (also ending in -ing) describe ongoing actions, and past participles (usually ending in -ed, -en, etc.) describe completed actions or form perfect tenses. Learn how to use these forms correctly.
- Passive Voice
Passive voice is a grammatical construction where the subject receives the action of the verb, allowing the focus to be on the action or the receiver rather than the doer.
- Cleft Sentences (It is/was … that …, What … is …)
- Agreement Rules
English rules for making words agree with each other, covering subjects, verbs, pronouns, and modifiers. Subjects, verbs, pronouns, and modifiers must agree in number, person, and gender to ensure clear and grammatically correct sentences.
- Irregular Verbs
A list of common English irregular verbs with their base form, past simple, and past participle.
- Be: am, is, are, was, were, been
The verb be in English, including its forms am, is, are, was, were, been, and being, along with usage rules and examples.
- Have: has, had
Have is an irregular verb used to show possession, form perfect tenses, and more. Includes forms: have, has, had.
- Do: does, did, done
The English verb 'do' and its forms 'does,' 'did,' and 'done,' including usage rules, role in questions and negatives, and examples to illustrate each form.
- Go: went, gone
The irregular English verb go, including its past tense went, and past participle gone.
- Get: got, gotten/got
English irregular verb “get” with past forms “got” and “gotten”/“got”, including meanings, usage, and examples.
- Make: made
The irregular verb make (meaning "to create or do something") has the past tense and past participle made.
- Take: took, taken
The English verb “take,” including its irregular forms “took” and “taken,” and rules for using it in different tenses and contexts.
- See: saw, seen
The irregular verb “see,” including its forms, usage, and example sentences.
- Come: came, come
The English verb 'come' and its past tense 'came' and past participle 'come,' including usage, examples, and tips for correct usage.
- Give: gave, given
Explanation of the English verb “give,” including its past tense, past participle, conjugations, and common usage.
- Find: found
Explanation of the verb find, including its meaning, usage, and conjugation.
- Think: thought
Explanation of the irregular verb “think,” including its forms, usage, and examples.
- Tell: told
Conjugation of the English irregular verb “tell,” which means to communicate or inform.
- Become: became, become
The verb become and its past forms became and become, including usage, example sentences, and common patterns.
- Show: showed, shown
The English verb show (showed, shown) means to present or allow someone to see something. It is irregular in the past and past participle forms. Conjugations use showed for simple past and either showed or shown for the past participle, with shown being more common in perfect tenses.
- Leave: left
Explanation of the irregular English verb "leave," including its base form, past simple, past participle, and usage examples.
- Feel: felt
The English verb feel (present) and its past tense form felt, including usage rules, examples, and tips.
- Put: put
The verb put means to move something into a particular place or position. It is an irregular verb that has the same form in the base, past, and past participle.
- Bring: brought
The past tense and past participle of bring, used to describe the act of carrying or moving something toward a place or person.
- Begin: began, begun
The verb begin and its past forms began and begun, including meanings, usage rules, example sentences, and common mistakes.
- Keep: kept
Irregular verb “keep” with past tense and past participle “kept,” including usage, examples, and common phrases.
- Hold: held
The verb hold means to carry, support, or have something in your hands or arms. Its past tense and past participle form is held.
- Write: wrote, written
The past tense and past participle forms of the verb 'write,' used to describe actions of composing or recording words at different times.
- Stand: stood
Explanation and examples for the irregular verb stand (past tense: stood), including usage in sentences and common idiomatic expressions.
- Meet: met
The verb “meet,” including its meaning, usage, and examples in sentences.
- Run: ran, run
Conjugation of the irregular verb run in English, showing how to use ran (past simple) and run (past participle) in sentences.
- Pay: paid
The English verb pay (past tense paid) means to give money for goods, services, or debts. It is irregular: the past tense and past participle form is paid.
- Sit: sat
Sit is an irregular verb meaning to rest with the body supported by the buttocks, usually on a chair or the ground. Its past tense is sat.
- Speak: spoke, spoken
The verb speak means to say words aloud. Spoke is the past tense, and spoken is the past participle (used with have/has or in passive sentences).
- Lie: lay, lain
Explanation of the verb "lie" (meaning "to recline") including its past tense and past participle forms, usage rules, and examples.
- Lead: led
- Read: read, read
The English verb “read,” including its meanings, pronunciation, and example sentences for present, past, and past participle forms.
- Grow: grew, grown
The verb “grow” means to increase in size, develop, or cultivate. Its irregular past forms are “grew” (simple past) and “grown” (past participle).
- Lose: lost
- Fall: fell, fallen
The English verb “fall,” including its past tense “fell” and past participle “fallen,” with examples and usage tips.
- Send: sent
The English verb “send,” including its meanings, example sentences, and explanations of its most common tenses.
- Build: built
The past tense and past participle form of the irregular verb "build," which means to construct or create something.
- Understand: understood
The verb "understand," its meaning, usage, example sentences, and role in English grammar.
- Draw: drew, drawn
Draw: drew, drawn in English explains the irregular verb “draw,” including its meanings, usage rules, and example sentences for base, past, and past participle forms.
- Break: broke, broken
The verb "break" and its forms "broke" and "broken," along with their meanings, usage rules, and example sentences to help you use them correctly in context.
- Spend: spent
The irregular verb spend, including its past tense form spent, along with example sentences to show correct usage and meaning.
- Cut: cut
The verb cut, including its uses, meanings, and examples from everyday English.
- Future Tense
The future tense in English describes actions that will happen, predictions, plans, or intentions. You can express the future using "will," "going to," or the present continuous form.
Last updated: Wed Jun 18, 2025
