Regular verbs express actions, states, and processes and maintain a predictable base when conjugated. In Spanish, their basic form ends in -ar, -er or -ir, and that ending allows recognizing the conjugation paradigm that each verb follows. Studying them helps to build simple tenses, non-finite forms, and common periphrases, and prepares the ground for [Verb Tenses].

Transitive verbs require a complement that directly receives the action. Intransitive verbs do not take that complement, and pronominal verbs are formed with an unstressed pronoun that is part of the verb. This difference affects the placement of object pronouns and agreement with the subject, and relates to [Reflexive Verbs].

IdeaIdea.	EjemploExample.
Un verbo transitivo pide un objeto directoA transitive verb requires a direct object.	María come una manzana y su hermano también quiere frutaMaría eats an apple and her brother also wants fruit.
Un verbo intransitivo no necesita objeto directoAn intransitive verb does not need a direct object.	El bebé duerme y la casa queda en silencioThe baby sleeps and the house stays quiet.
Un verbo pronominal incorpora un pronombre al verboA pronominal verb incorporates a pronoun into the verb.	Ella se levanta temprano y luego sale al trabajoShe gets up early and then goes to work.

Verbs ending in -ar follow a clear regular pattern in present, preterite, imperfect, and simple future. The infinitive hablar allows observing the base hab with stable endings in hablo, hablas, habló, hablábamos and hablaré. This pattern helps to recognize the relationship between the verb root and the ending, and also serves as support for the [Auxiliary Verbs].

SujetoSubject.	VerboVerb.	EjemploExample.
yoI.	habloI speak.	Yo hablo con calma y tú escuchas con atenciónI speak calmly and you listen attentively.
túyou.	hablasyou speak.	Tú hablas claro y yo respondo enseguidaYou speak clearly and I respond right away.
élhe.	hablóspoke.	Él habló ayer y luego escribió un mensajeHe spoke yesterday and then wrote a message.
nosotroswe.	hablábamoswe were talking.	Nosotros hablábamos mientras caía la lluviaWe were talking while the rain was falling.
yoI.	hablaréI will speak.	Yo hablaré mañana y después dormiré tempranoI will speak tomorrow and then go to bed early.

Verbs ending in -er preserve a regular stem and add endings of their own for each verb tense. Comer shows forms como, comes, comió, comíamos and comeré, which illustrate the regularity of the paradigm and the difference between present, preterite, imperfect, and future tenses. This pattern is studied together with [Verbal Infinitives] and facilitates the learning of other common verbs.

SujetoSubject.	VerboVerb.	EjemploExample.
yoI.	comoI eat.	Yo como sopa y mi amiga bebe aguaI eat soup and my friend drinks water.
túyou.	comesyou eat.	Tú comes despacio y luego conversas tranquiloYou eat slowly and then converse calmly.
élhe.	comióate.	Él comió tarde y después salió a caminarHe ate late and then went out for a walk.
nosotroswe.	comíamoswe were eating.	Nosotros comíamos juntos mientras sonaba músicaWe were eating together while music was playing.
yoI.	comeréI will eat.	Yo comeré fruta y luego prepararé caféI will eat fruit and then prepare coffee.

Verbs ending in -ir follow a regular pattern very close to that of -er, with endings of their own for each tense. Vivir allows us to see vivo, vives, vivió, vivimos and viviré as representative forms of present, preterite, imperfect, and simple future. The contrast with verbs such as [Irregular Verbs] helps distinguish when the root changes and when it remains stable.

SujetoSubject.	VerboVerb.	EjemploExample.
yoI.	vivoI live.	Yo vivo en una ciudad grande y trabajo cercaI live in a big city and work nearby.
túyou.	vivesyou live.	Tú vives cerca del mar y estudias por la nocheYou live near the sea and study at night.
élhe.	viviólived.	Él vivió allí y luego se mudó al campoHe lived there and then moved to the countryside.
nosotroswe.	vivimosWe live.	Nosotros vivimos juntos y compartimos la cenaWe live together and share the dinner.
yoI.	viviréI will live.	Yo viviré tranquilo y aprenderé cada díaI will live calmly and learn every day.

Non-finite forms do not express person and function as bases for periphrases and complex constructions. The infinitive ends in -ar, -er or -ir, the regular participle ends in -ado or -ido, and the regular gerund ends in -ando or -iendo. These forms connect directly with [Modal Verbs] and with compound tenses.

IdeaIdea.	EjemploExample.
El infinitivo nombra la acción en forma básicaThe infinitive names the action in its basic form.	Cantar sirve para hablar de la acción sin marcar persona ni tiempoTo sing is used to talk about the action without marking person or time.
El participio regular forma el resultado verbalThe regular participle forms the verbal result.	He hablado con la maestra y luego he descansadoI have spoken with the teacher and then I have rested.
El gerundio expresa acción en desarrolloThe gerund expresses action in progress.	Estoy viviendo aquí y escuchando la lluviaI am living here and listening to the rain.

Periphrases combine an auxiliary verb with a non-finite form to express intention, obligation, progress, or anteriority. Ir a + infinitive marks near future, tener que + infinitive expresses obligation, deber + infinitive indicates necessity or convenience, estar + gerund indicates development, and haber + participle forms the perfect. These constructions are common in everyday speech and relate to [Auxiliary Verbs].

IdeaIdea.	EjemploExample.
ir a más infinitivo expresa futuro cercanoir a + infinitive expresses near future.	Voy a comer y luego salgo con mis amigosI am going to eat and then I go out with my friends.
tener que más infinitivo expresa obligacióntener que + infinitive expresses obligation.	Tengo que estudiar y después voy al parqueI have to study and then I go to the park.
deber más infinitivo expresa deber o recomendacióndeber + infinitive expresses obligation or recommendation.	Debes hablar con respeto y escuchar con calmaYou must speak with respect and listen calmly.
estar más gerundio expresa acción en progresoestar + gerund expresses action in progress.	Estoy leyendo y mi hermana está escribiendoI am reading and my sister is writing.
haber más participio forma un tiempo perfectohaber + participle forms a perfect tense.	He vivido aquí y he aprendido muchoI have lived here and I have learned a lot.

The verb agrees with the subject in person and number, and the basic order usually places the subject first and then the verb. In informal registers, the subject may be omitted when the verbal form already identifies it, and object pronouns are placed before the conjugated verb or attached to the infinitive and the gerund depending on the construction. Pronominal verbs keep their fixed pronoun, and this behavior is essential for correctly interpreting the sentence structure.

IdeaIdea.	EjemploExample.
El verbo concuerda con el sujeto en persona y númeroThe verb agrees with the subject in person and number.	Nosotros hablamos y ellas escriben con precisiónWe speak and they write with precision.
El sujeto puede omitirse cuando la forma verbal lo indicaThe subject can be omitted when the verb form indicates it.	Hablo con mi madre y después llamo a mi padreI talk with my mother and then I call my father.
El pronombre objeto suele ir antes del verbo conjugadoThe object pronoun usually goes before the conjugated verb.	La profesora me escucha y nos responde enseguidaThe teacher listens to me and responds to us immediately.
El pronombre puede unirse al infinitivo o al gerundioThe pronoun can be attached to the infinitive or to the gerund.	Voy a verlo y estoy leyéndolo ahora mismoI’m going to see him and I am reading it right now.
El verbo pronominal conserva su pronombre fijoThe pronominal verb retains its fixed pronoun.	Se lava temprano y se prepara para salirThey wash themselves early and get ready to go out.

In Argentina and Uruguay, the voseo changes the present tense form and yields hablás, comés, and vivís instead of the tú forms. In much of Spain the present perfect is frequently used for recent actions, while in many parts of Latin America the simple preterite predominates. The informal register can also omit subjects more often and favor colloquial constructions typical of conversation.

RegiónRegion.	Palabra o fraseWord or phrase.	Definición regionalRegional definition.	EjemploExample.
Argentina y UruguayArgentina and Uruguay.	hablásyou speak.	Forma de segunda persona del singular propia del voseo en presente.Second-person singular form characteristic of voseo in the present.	Hablás rápido y luego descansás en casaYou speak quickly and then rest at home.
UruguayUruguay.	comésyou eat.	Forma voseante equivalente a comes en contextos cotidianos.Voseo form equivalent to 'comes' in everyday contexts.	Comés tarde y después caminás por la ramblaYou eat late and then you walk along the promenade.
EspañaSpain.	he habladoI have spoken.	Uso frecuente del perfecto compuesto para hechos recientes.Frequent use of the present perfect for recent events.	He hablado con Ana y luego he salido al metroI have spoken with Ana and then I left for the subway.
América LatinaLatin America.	habléI spoke.	Preferencia común por el pretérito simple para acciones pasadas cerradas.Common preference for the simple past for completed past actions.	Hablé ayer y después cené con mi familiaI spoke yesterday and then dined with my family.

Among the most frequently used verbs are ser, ir, tener, and hacer, and each shows root changes or endings that break the regular pattern. Ser and ir share historically close forms, while tener and hacer present alternations that it is advisable to recognize early due to their immense frequency. Early learning helps to understand by contrast how regular verbs are formed and how they differ from them [Irregular Verbs].

SujetoSubject.	VerboVerb.	EjemploExample.
yoI.	soyI am.	Yo soy estudiante y hoy estoy atentoI am a student and today I am attentive.
yoI.	voyI go.	Yo voy al mercado y regreso tempranoI go to the market and come back early.
yoI.	tengoI have.	Yo tengo tiempo y también tengo ganasI have time and I also feel like it.
yoI.	hagoI do.	Yo hago la tarea y luego preparo la cenaI do the homework and then I prepare dinner.