English uses a set of basic words to describe common weather conditions. These words name what the weather is like outside. Knowing these core terms allows clear communication about the weather in any context. This unit anchors the main vocabulary for describing the day-to-day state of the sky and air.

Word/Phrase	Definition
sunny	The sun is shining and there are few or no clouds.
cloudy	The sky is covered with clouds.
rainy	Water is falling from the sky as rain.
windy	The air is moving strongly.
stormy	There is strong wind, rain, and often thunder.

English uses specific adjectives to describe how hot or cold the weather feels. These words help describe temperature without numbers. They can be used with "it is" to talk about the weather today or in general. This vocabulary is essential for describing comfort and typical weather patterns.

Word/Phrase	Definition
hot	The temperature is high and it feels very warm.
warm	The temperature is comfortable and above cool.
cool	The temperature is a little cold but not freezing.
cold	The temperature is low and it feels chilly.
freezing	The temperature is at or below the point where water turns to ice.

English has different words for types of water falling from the sky or forming in the air. These terms name specific kinds of precipitation and related phenomena. Using the right word makes weather descriptions more precise. This unit covers the main categories used in everyday English.

Word/Phrase	Definition
rain	Liquid water falls from the clouds.
drizzle	Light rain falls slowly and gently.
snow	Frozen water falls as soft white flakes.
hail	Small hard balls of ice fall from the sky.
fog	Tiny drops of water fill the air and make it hard to see.

English uses specific words to describe the appearance of the sky and the movement of air. These words often describe conditions that change quickly during the day. They help give detail to weather reports and daily conversations. This unit connects visual and sensory experiences to common terms.

Word/Phrase	Definition
clear	There are no clouds or only very few clouds in the sky.
overcast	The sky is completely covered with clouds.
breezy	There is a light and pleasant wind.
humid	The air has a lot of moisture and feels wet or heavy.
dry	The air has little moisture and does not feel wet.

English names four main seasons, each with typical weather patterns. These words are used to talk about the time of year and expected conditions. The seasons also connect to common activities and changes in nature. Knowing the season terms supports clear descriptions of weather over longer periods.

Word/Phrase	Definition
spring	The season when plants start to grow and the weather gets warmer.
summer	The season with the highest temperatures and the most daylight.
autumn	The season when leaves fall and the weather gets cooler.
winter	The season with the lowest temperatures and often snow or cold rain.

English includes specific terms for powerful weather events and natural phenomena. These words are used in news, safety warnings, and conversations about unusual weather. They name events that can affect safety and daily life. This unit focuses on high-impact vocabulary often recognized worldwide.

Word/Phrase	Definition
thunderstorm	A storm with lightning, thunder, and usually rain.
lightning	A sudden flash of electricity in the sky.
tornado	A rotating column of air that touches the ground and can cause damage.
hurricane	A very strong storm with wind and rain that forms over the ocean.
flood	Water covers land that is usually dry.