Pteranodon was a genus of pterosaurs known for its impressive flight adaptations. These adaptations enabled Pteranodon to become one of the most efficient and specialized fliers among prehistoric reptiles. Some of the key flight adaptations of Pteranodon include:

Wing Structure: Pteranodon had elongated fourth fingers that supported expansive, membranous wings made of skin, muscle, and other tissues. This wing design provided a large surface area for generating lift and allowed for efficient soaring, similar to modern seabirds.
Lightweight Skeleton: The bones of Pteranodon were pneumatized (hollow and filled with air sacs), reducing overall body weight without sacrificing strength. This lightweight skeleton was crucial for maintaining airborne balance and agility.
Crest: Many Pteranodon species had prominent cranial crests, which likely played a role in aerodynamics by helping to stabilize the head during flight and possibly in species recognition or sexual selection.
Musculature and Joint Design: Powerful flight muscles were anchored to a reinforced sternum and shoulder girdle, enabling strong wing beats. Highly mobile joints provided precise wing control for both powered flight and gliding.
Energy Efficiency: Pteranodon’s streamlined body reduced drag, and its ability to glide on air currents conserved energy—an advantage for long-distance travel and foraging over oceans.

Which of the following was a primary material composing the wings of *Pteranodon*?

Bone

Feathers

Skin

Muscle

*Pteranodon* wings were primarily composed of skin and muscle, not feathers or bone.

What was the main function of the cranial crest in *Pteranodon*?

Attracting mates through coloration

Improving vision

Amplifying vocalizations

Stabilizing the head during flight

The cranial crest in *Pteranodon* mainly helped stabilize the head during flight, although it may have also contributed to species recognition and sexual selection.