This guide explains when to use ser and when to use estar, with examples to show the difference between more lasting qualities and more temporary conditions.
Ser
Use ser for inherent traits, identity, origin, time, possession, and things that define someone or something in a more lasting way. Think of ser as relating to essence or what something is.
Examples
Key Uses
Expressions
Estar
Use estar for temporary states, locations, feelings, and conditions that can change. Estar highlights how someone or something is at a particular moment.
Examples
Key Uses
Expressions
Special Adjectives
Some adjectives change meaning depending on whether you use ser or estar, so switching the verb can change the sentence's sense from something more permanent to something more temporary. Pay attention to these pairs.
Summary
Remember: use ser for more lasting, defining characteristics and estar for temporary conditions and locations. Practice with real examples to feel the difference.
Last updated: Fri Oct 24, 2025