In Spanish, choosing between formal and informal speech shapes social relations and signals respect or closeness. This guide explains when to use each register and highlights key phrases.
Tú vs. Usted
Use tú for friends, family, and peers, and usted for strangers, elders, or in professional settings. Switching between them changes verb forms and tone.
Vosotros vs. Ustedes
In Spain, vosotros is the informal plural and ustedes the formal plural; in Latin America, ustedes serves both functions. This affects which endings you use in address.
Phrases
Common expressions often have distinct formal and informal versions, so learn set phrases for greetings, requests, and farewells in each register.
Vocabulary
Some everyday words change depending on formality, with alternate terms used in polite speech versus casual talk. Paying attention to these nuances improves naturalness.
Examples
Examples
| Spanish | English | |
|---|---|---|
| Amigo | Friend (informal) | |
| Colega | Colleague / Buddy | |
| Señor | Sir / Mr. (formal) | |
| Señora | Ma’am / Mrs. (formal) | |
| Jefe | Boss | |
| Profesor | Teacher / Professor | |
| Vecino | Neighbor | |
| Cliente | Client / Customer | |
| Compañero | Companion / Colleague | |
| Doctor | Doctor |
Summary
Mastering formal and informal speech helps you navigate social situations smoothly. Practice switching tú/usted and learning set phrases for each context.
Last updated: Fri Oct 24, 2025