Clauses
Clauses are chunks of meaning with a subject and verb, and they shape how we link ideas in Spanish. This guide goes over the main types so you can spot them and use them to join thoughts clearly.
Main Types
The two big categories are oraciones subordinadas (subordinate clauses) that depend on a main clause, and oraciones coordinadas (coordinate clauses) that join two equal parts. Each type serves different functions like time, cause, condition, or contrast.
Subordinate Clauses
Oraciones subordinadas add detail by functioning as noun clauses, adjective clauses, or adverb clauses. They typically start with conjunctions or relative pronouns and sometimes trigger the subjunctive mood.
Noun Clauses
Noun clauses act as subjects, objects, or complements and often begin with que, or with wh- questions like cuándo or cómo. They can require indicative or subjunctive depending on the main verb.
Adjective Clauses
Adjective clauses modify a noun and start with relative pronouns such as que, cual, quien, or donde. They can be defining or non-defining, which affects whether the clause is essential and whether you use commas.
Adverb Clauses
Adverb clauses give information about time, manner, cause, condition, or purpose, and they begin with conjunctions like cuando, porque, si, aunque, or para que. Many trigger the subjunctive when the action is uncertain or hypothetical.
Coordinate Clauses
Oraciones coordinadas join two clauses of equal status using connectors like y, pero, o, ni, sin embargo, or pues. They keep both ideas independent and can signal addition, contrast, choice, or consequence.
Summary
Understanding clauses helps you break down sentences and choose the right connectors and verb forms. Practice identifying whether a clause is subordinate or coordinate, and note the key conjunctions and pronoun markers that signal each type.
Last updated: Sun Sep 14, 2025