Spoken Description

Dieser Text erklärt die Konjugation des deutschen Modalverbs müssen: Präsensformen (muss, musst, müssen, müsst) sowie Präteritum (musste, mussten) und typische Anwendungsbeispiele.

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This text explains the conjugation of the German modal verb müssen: present forms (muss, musst, müssen, müsst) as well as the simple past (musste, mussten) and typical usage examples.

Introduction: The verb müssen* expresses necessity or obligation and appears in useful daily phrases. This guide covers its present and preterite forms with examples.

Present Tense

In the present tense müssen shows what someone has to do now or regularly. It is a modal verb that is followed by an infinitive.

German Word(s) | English Translation(s)

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du musstyou must / you have to
er/sie/es musshe/she/it must / has to
wir müssenwe must / have to
ihr müsstyou (pl.) must / have to
sie/Sie müssenthey/you (form.) must / have to

Example

Use the present tense to talk about rules or necessities that apply at the moment or generally.

Verwenden Sie das Präteritum, um zu berichten, was jemand zu einer bestimmten Zeit in der Vergangenheit tun musste.

Du(kommen) morgen früh an.
Translate: 'You have to come early tomorrow.' (come)

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Im Präsens zeigt müssen, was jemand jetzt oder regelmäßig tun muss. Es ist ein Modalverb, das von einem Infinitiv gefolgt wird.

Preterite Tense

The preterite tense (simple past) is used in narratives and reports to describe past obligations. The stem changes to musste.

German Word(s) | English Translation(s)

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du musstestyou had to
er/sie/es musstehe/she/it had to
wir musstenwe had to
ihr musstetyou (pl.) had to
sie/Sie musstenthey/you (form.) had to

Example

Use the preterite to recount what someone was required to do at a specific time in the past.

Verwenden Sie das Präteritum, um zu berichten, was jemand zu einer bestimmten Zeit in der Vergangenheit tun musste.

Du(kommen) morgen früh an.
Translate: 'You have to come early tomorrow.' (come)

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Das Präteritum (Vergangenheit) wird in Erzählungen und Berichten genutzt, um vergangene Verpflichtungen zu beschreiben. Der Stamm ändert sich zu musste.

Usage

Das Verb müssen drückt sowohl aktuelle als auch vergangene Notwendigkeit aus. Im Präsens muss, musst, müssen zeigt es die Gegenwart oder Gewohnheit, während die Formen im Präteritum musste, Mustest, mussten vergangene Verpflichtungen berichten. Üben Sie mit alltäglichen Situationen, um das Muster zu verinnerlichen.

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Summary

The present tense forms muss, musst, müssen show current or habitual necessity; the preterite forms musste, musstest, mussten report past obligation. Practice with everyday contexts to internalize the pattern.

Suggested Reading

Schaum’s Outline of German Grammar

Schaum’s Outline of German Grammar by Bruce Donaldson & others

Assimil: German with Ease

Assimil: German with Ease by Assimil (publisher)

German Grammar Drills

German Grammar Drills by Astrid Henschel

German in Review

German in Review by Robert Di Donato (et al.)

Easy German Step-By-Step

Easy German Step-By-Step by Ed Swick

Basic German: A Grammar and Workbook

Basic German: A Grammar and Workbook by Heiner Schenke & Karen Seago

German All-in-One For Dummies

German All-in-One For Dummies by Wald & Kraynak

Deutsch im Blick

Deutsch im Blick by University of Texas (et al.)

The Everything Learning German Book

The Everything Learning German Book by Edward Swick

Practice Makes Perfect: Complete German Grammar

Practice Makes Perfect: Complete German Grammar by Ed Swick

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