Spoken Description

Dieser Leitfaden erklärt die Unterschiede zwischen Dativ und Akkusativ im Deutschen, wann welcher Kasus gebraucht wird, sowie Artikel-, Pronomen- und Satzbeispiele für sicheren Gebrauch, inklusive leichter Übungen.

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This guide explains the differences between the dative and accusative cases in German, when each case is used, and includes articles, pronouns, and sentence examples for clear usage, with simple exercises.

In German, whether you use the dative or accusative case depends on the verb, preposition, and sometimes whether an action crosses from one place to another. This guide covers the key differences with clear examples.

Memory

The dative case marks the indirect recipient of an action, while the accusative case marks the direct object that is acted upon. Think of the accusative as "who or what is affected" and the dative as "to whom or for whom" something is given.

Der Dativ kennzeichnet den indirekten Empfänger einer Handlung, während der Akkusativ das direkte Objekt markiert, das beeinflusst wird. Denke daran, dass der Akkusativ „wen oder was ist betroffen“ ist und der Dativ „wem oder für wen“ etwas gegeben wird.

Key Verbs

Some verbs naturally take the dative for the recipient and the accusative for the thing given or moved. Others require one case or the other consistently. Learn common verbs with each case.

German VerbMeaningCase
gebento givedative + accusative
zeigento showdative + accusative
helfento helpdative
fragento askaccusative or dative depending on construction
kaufento buyaccusative

Einige Verben nehmen natürlicherweise den Dativ für den Empfänger und den Akkusativ für das Gegebene oder Bewegte. Andere verlangen konsequent einen der beiden Fälle. Lerne häufige Verben mit jedem Fall.

Prepositions

Prepositions always require a specific case. Some are always dative, some always accusative, and a few change depending on whether they indicate movement. Learn prepositions by case group.

German PrepositionCaseMeaning
mitdativewith
nachdativeafter, to
zudativeto
füraccusativefor
durchaccusativethrough
gegenaccusativeagainst
indative or accusativein / into

Präpositionen verlangen immer einen bestimmten Fall. Manche sind immer Dativ, andere immer Akkusativ, und einige ändern sich je nachdem, ob sie Bewegung anzeigen. Lerne Präpositionen nach ihrer Fallgruppe.

Changing Prepositions

Some prepositions like in, auf, an, and über take dative when indicating location and accusative when indicating movement toward a place. So the case signals whether the action stays put or goes somewhere.

Small Examples

Here are quick pairs showing the difference between location (dative) and movement (accusative) with changing prepositions.

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Einige Präpositionen wie in, auf, an und über nehmen den Dativ, wenn sie den Standort anzeigen, und den Akkusativ, wenn sie Bewegung in Richtung eines Ortes ausdrücken. Der Fall signalisiert also, ob die Handlung bleibt oder sich bewegt.

Summary

Use the dative case for indirect objects and after certain prepositions, and use the accusative case for direct objects and after different prepositions. Pay attention to whether a preposition signals movement to choose the right case. Practice with typical verbs and prepositions until the patterns feel natural.

Three Important Things

Learn the difference in German

Practice common verbs and prepositions

Notice location vs movement with changing preps

Suggested Reading

Schaum’s Outline of German Grammar

Schaum’s Outline of German Grammar by Bruce Donaldson & others

Assimil: German with Ease

Assimil: German with Ease by Assimil (publisher)

German Grammar Drills

German Grammar Drills by Astrid Henschel

German in Review

German in Review by Robert Di Donato (et al.)

Easy German Step-By-Step

Easy German Step-By-Step by Ed Swick

Basic German: A Grammar and Workbook

Basic German: A Grammar and Workbook by Heiner Schenke & Karen Seago

German All-in-One For Dummies

German All-in-One For Dummies by Wald & Kraynak

Deutsch im Blick

Deutsch im Blick by University of Texas (et al.)

The Everything Learning German Book

The Everything Learning German Book by Edward Swick

Practice Makes Perfect: Complete German Grammar

Practice Makes Perfect: Complete German Grammar by Ed Swick

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