Infinitives in German typically end in -en and represent the base form of the verb. They are used after modal verbs, certain prepositions, and in constructions like zu + infinitive.
Formation
Most German infinitives end in -en, though some common verbs end in -n or have a slightly different stem. The infinitive appears in dictionaries and is the form you learn first.
| German Infinitive | English Infinitive | |
|---|---|---|
| gehen | to go | |
| machen | to do / to make | |
| sein | to be | |
| arbeiten | to work | |
| lesen | to read |
Usage
The infinitive is used after modal verbs (like können, müssen), after certain verbs that take an infinitive complement, and in constructions with zu when an infinitive phrase functions as a purpose or necessity.
Infinitive with zu
Some verbs, adjectives, and nouns require zu before the infinitive, turning the infinitive into an infinitive phrase. This often appears in more formal or written German and signals purpose or obligation.
Infinitive Clauses
Infinitive clauses with zu can sometimes replace longer subordinate clauses, making sentences more concise. These clauses can function as subjects, objects, or adverbials depending on the sentence.
Common Verbs
Some verbs frequently appear with an infinitive clause, either with or without zu. Learning these common verbs helps you produce natural sentences when talking about intentions, plans, attempts, and permissions.
| German Sentence | English Sentence | |
|---|---|---|
| Ich versuche, pünktlich zu sein. | I try to be punctual. | |
| Sie plant, nach Berlin zu fahren. | She plans to go to Berlin. | |
| Er hat beschlossen, früher zu gehen. | He has decided to leave early. | |
| Wir dürfen hier nicht parken. | We are not allowed to park here. | |
| Du musst noch lernen. | You still have to study. |
Summary
The German infinitive is the base verb form ending in -en used after modals and in constructions with or without zu. Infinitive clauses streamline sentences and appear after common verbs of intention, plan, and permission.
Last updated: Fri Oct 24, 2025