Spoken Description

Apprenez les accords et la position des adjectifs, pronoms et adverbes en français : règles de base, exemples pratiques, exercices interactifs et astuces pour parler et écrire avec confiance.

Learn agreement and position rules for French adjectives, pronouns, and adverbs: basic guidelines, examples, quick exercises, and practical tips to speak and write more naturally.

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Les adjectifs en français s’accordent en genre et en nombre avec le nom qu’ils modifient, et leur position par rapport au nom peut parfois changer le sens. Ce guide couvre les règles principales d’accord et le placement typique des adjectifs afin que vous puissiez repérer et expliquer clairement les schémas.

Adjectives in French agree in gender and number with the noun they modify, and their position relative to the noun can sometimes change meaning. This guide covers the key rules for agreement and typical adjective placement so you can spot and explain patterns clearly.

Agreement

Les adjectifs doivent s’accorder avec le nom qu’ils décrivent en genre (masculin ou féminin) et en nombre (singulier ou pluriel). Cela implique d’ajouter des terminaisons comme -e pour le féminin et -s pour le pluriel selon les règles standard, tout en faisant attention aux formes irrégulières.

Adjectives must match the noun they describe in gender (masculine or feminine) and number (singular or plural). This means adding endings like -e for feminine and -s for plural according to standard patterns, and paying attention to irregular forms.
French Word(s)English Word(s)
un chat noira black cat
une chatte noirea black female cat
des chats noirsblack cats
des chattes noiresblack female cats
Un chat(black masc) et une chatte(black fem).

A black (masc) cat and a black (fem) cat.

Un chat ___ (noir/black) et une chatte ___.

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Position

La majorité des adjectifs viennent après le nom qu’ils modifient, notamment les adjectifs descriptifs qui indiquent la couleur, la forme ou d’autres qualités. Cependant, certains adjectifs courants apparaissent avant le nom, et leur placement peut parfois modifier la nuance ou le sens de l’adjectif.

Most adjectives come after the noun they modify, especially descriptive adjectives that specify color, shape, or other qualities. However, some common adjectives appear before the noun, and placement can sometimes change the adjective’s nuance or meaning.

Adjectives That Generally Precede the Noun

Short and frequent adjectives expressing beauty, age, goodness, or size typically come before the noun. These are often remembered by the mnemonic BAGS: beau, joli, jeune, vieux, bon, mauvais, grand, petit, etc.
French Word(s)English Word(s)
un beau jardina beautiful garden
un jeune hommea young man
une bonne idéea good idea
un petit chiena small dog

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Meaning Changes With Position

Some adjectives change meaning depending on whether they come before or after the noun. For example, ancien means “former” before the noun and “ancient” after, while cher means “dear” before and “expensive” after.
PositionFrench Word(s)English Word(s)
beforeun ancien professeura former teacher
afterun professeur ancienan ancient/very old teacher
beforeun cher amia dear friend
afterun ami cheran expensive friend (less common)

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Agreement with Compound Nouns

When an adjective modifies a compound noun, it usually agrees with the main noun. In cases where the adjective relates to multiple elements, agreement follows the dominant noun. Adjectives describing colors derived from nouns may remain invariable.
Un voyageur d'affaires → des voyageurs(old masc plural).

A business traveler → old travelers.

Un voyageur d'affaires → des voyageurs ___ (ancien/old).

Adjectives That Are Invariable

Some adjectives never change form, such as those ending in -s, -x, or -z, and color adjectives derived from nouns like orange, marron, and citron, which remain invariable even when describing plural or feminine nouns.

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Summary

Adjectives agree in gender and number with the noun they modify, most descriptive adjectives follow the noun, and common short adjectives expressing beauty, age, goodness, or size usually come before. Placement can affect meaning, so pay attention to whether an adjective appears before or after the noun to catch subtle shifts.

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