French distinguishes between formal and informal address through pronouns, verb forms, and sometimes vocabulary. This guide explains when and how to use tu and vous so you can speak appropriately in different situations.
Tu
Use tu when speaking to someone you know well, such as friends, family, or children, and in casual contexts. Tu signals closeness or informality.
Do you like chocolate?
Vous
Use vous for strangers, acquaintances, elders, and in professional or polite contexts. Vous shows respect and maintains social distance.
Switching from Vous to Tu
Switching from vous to tu usually requires mutual agreement or an explicit invitation called "tutoiement." Prematurely using tu can seem rude. Pay attention to cues.
Vous for Groups
Use vous when addressing one person formally or when speaking to multiple people, regardless of familiarity. Vous doubles as a polite singular and the standard plural address.
Vocabulary Differences
Some words have different forms in formal vs. informal speech. For example, ami vs. copain and polite expressions like je vous prie appear only in formal contexts. Choose vocabulary to match tone.
Polite Phrases
Set the right tone with polite set phrases such as s'il vous plaît, merci, excusez-moi, and formal greetings. These small markers reinforce respect when using vous.
Summary
Use tu for informal, familiar address and vous for formality, respect, and groups. Switch only when invited and match your vocabulary and phrases to the chosen register.
Last updated: Fri Oct 24, 2025